Question 1

Having a bizarre dream in which you are flying through the air like a bird lends support to which dream theory?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, which can lead to bizarre and illogical dream scenarios like flying.

Question 2

According to which dream theory does the cortex of the brain combine random brain activity into stories and visual images that form your dreams?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis proposes that the cortex of the brain attempts to make sense of and create narratives out of random brain activity during REM sleep, resulting in dreams that consist of visual images and stories.

Question 3

Concerning the activation-synthesis hypothesis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis was actually developed by J. Allan Hobson, not William Domhoff.

Question 4

The activation-synthesis hypothesis was developed by

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis was developed by Hobson and McCarley.

Question 5

The neurocognitive dream theory was developed by

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neurocognitive dream theory was developed by
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Question 6

A lonely person may dream of romance, and a hungry child may dream of food.According to the neurocognitive theory, these dreams

Accepted Answer

According to the neurocognitive theory, dreams are a reflection of a person's ordinary waking concerns, thoughts, and experiences. So, a lonely person dreaming of romance and a hungry child dreaming of food are merely reflecting their waking concerns in their dreams.

Question 7

Which theory of dreaming would explain that if neurons were activated telling the brain that the body is running but the brain receives no feedback from the motionless legs, then a chase dream drama would be created by the brain?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis proposes that dreaming occurs when the cortex tries to make sense of random neural activity generated by the brainstem during sleep. In this case, the activation of neurons related to running would be synthesized into a chase dream to make sense of the random neural signals, even though the legs are not actually moving.

Question 8

According to Hobson and McCarley, dreams are more primitive and more bizarre than daytime thoughts because

Accepted Answer

Hobson and McCarley's Activation-Synthesis theory proposes that during REM sleep, the frontal areas of the cortex, which control higher mental abilities, are mostly shut down, leading to the more primitive and bizarre content of dreams. This theory suggests that dreams are not necessarily a reflection of repressed thoughts or desires, but rather a random byproduct of neural activity in the brain during sleep.

Question 9

The activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that dreams are a result of random activity in lower brain centers (activation) being interpreted and synthesized by higher brain centers, which leads to the often bizarre nature of dreams. It does not emphasize internal conflicts, reflect waking thoughts and emotions, or propose the existence of a detached observer in the dreamer's consciousness.

Question 10

The theory that relates dream content to motor commands in the brain, which are made but not carried out during sleep, is called the

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that dreaming results from the brain attempting to make sense of the random firing of neurons during sleep, including motor commands that are made but not carried out. The other options do not specifically relate dream content to motor commands.

Question 11

According to which dream theorist(s)are the messages from activated brain cells blocked from reaching the body with the brain having to search through stored memories to interpret these messages and, in so doing, creating dream content?

Accepted Answer

The theory that the messages from activated brain cells are blocked from reaching the body and the brain has to interpret them through stored memories to create dream content is the Activation-Synthesis Theory proposed by Hobson and McCarley.

Question 12

Disguised dream symbols are to psychodynamic dream theory as sensory and motor messages are to

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity, including sensory and motor messages, during sleep.

Question 13

According to which theory of dreaming would a dream of a journey represent death or a dream about horseback riding or dancing represent sexual intercourse?

Accepted Answer

According to psychodynamic theory, dreams are a reflection of unconscious desires and conflicts. Symbols and images in dreams represent repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories. Therefore, a dream of a journey may represent the journey towards death, and a dream about horseback riding or dancing may represent sexual intercourse, as these are often repressed and taboo topics in society. Activation-synthesis theory (A) proposes that dreams are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, while Gestalt theory (B) focuses on how the brain organizes and interprets sensory information. Humanistic theory (D) emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, but does not specifically address the interpretation of dream imagery.

Question 14

Kevin is a junior in college, who is very angry with his economics professor because he quickly dismissed Kevin's opinion regarding the reason for the stalled recovery of the economy.That night, Kevin dreams that he embarrassed the professor in front of the dean.Since Kevin's dreams reflect his waking concerns, his dreams best illustrate which dream theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kevin is a junior in college, who...

Question 15

Margo dreams of stealing her friend's wedding ring and placing it on her hand.According to Freud's theory, Margo's dream probably represents

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, dreams often represent unconscious desires or wishes. In this context, dreaming about stealing a friend's wedding ring and placing it on her own hand could symbolize a desire for the friend's spouse, as the wedding ring is a symbol of marital commitment and love.

Question 16

Which dream theory states that many brain areas that are active when we are awake remain active during dreaming with dreams being a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences?

Accepted Answer

The neurocognitive dream theory proposes that many brain areas that are active when we are awake remain active during dreaming with dreams being a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences.

Question 17

Regarding Freud's theory of dreams, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Freud did not believe that there is a single unambiguous meaning in a dream's lucid content. Instead, he argued that dreams have multiple layers of meaning that need to be interpreted through the use of psychoanalytic techniques such as free association and dream analysis.

Question 18

At the center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is the need to

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis proposes that dreams are a result of the brain's attempt to create meaning out of random physiological activity that occurs during sleep. This physiological activity includes the firing of neurons in the brainstem (activation), which then sends signals to other areas of the brain to create a dream (synthesis). Therefore, the primary function of dreaming according to this hypothesis is to provide explanations for physiological activity.

Question 19

The neurocognitive dream theory emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neurocognitive dream theory emphasizes
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Question 20

Dreams are a conscious expression of the REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences, according to

Accepted Answer

William Domhoff is a leading dream researcher who believes that dreams are a reflection of the brain's attempts to organize and process daily experiences during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. While Sigmund Freud is often associated with dream analysis, his theories about dream symbolism and interpretation are widely debated in the scientific community. Fritz Perls was a prominent figure in the field of humanistic psychology and developed the Gestalt therapy approach, which focuses on people's present experiences rather than their past traumas. James Braid, on the other hand, is best known for his contributions to the field of hypnotism.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness.