Question 1

On average, about 4 of 10 U.S. adults reports that they never exercise, play sports, or engage in physically active hobbies.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2018, 26.2% of U.S. adults reported no leisure-time physical activity. This is equivalent to about 2 in 8 or 3 in 10 adults. Therefore, the statement is true that on average, about 4 in 10 U.S. adults (40%) never exercise or engage in physically active hobbies.

Question 2

When a person cuts back on the amount of time they normally sleep, increased feelings of hunger will occur, especially for foods with high carbohydrate content.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that sleep deprivation can increase levels of the hormone ghrelin, which stimulates appetite and increases cravings for high-carbohydrate, high-fat foods.

Question 3

Multiple studies have shown that people who sleep about 5 to 6 hours per night are much less likely to be overweight or obese.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have actually shown that people who consistently sleep less than 7 hours per night have a higher risk of obesity and weight gain. Adequate sleep is important for regulating hormones that affect appetite and metabolism.

Question 4

Anna has a BMI of 22.1, which means she is within the normal range for her height and weight.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered normal, so Anna's BMI of 22.1 falls within this range.

Question 5

When a food with a high positive incentive value is readily available, we eat until we are satiated by that specific taste,which is termed sensory-specific satiety.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement about sensory-specific satiety. When we are presented with a highly appealing food, we tend to consume more of that food until we are satisfied, and our desire for that specific taste decreases. This is known as sensory-specific satiety.

Question 6

According to the evolutionary perspective, many wild animals overeat when food is available because this reduces food available to other animals, which then die, reducing competition.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective is more concerned with individual survival and reproduction than with reducing competition by overeating. Overeating can actually decrease the chances of survival and reproduction by making an animal more vulnerable to predators and decreasing its mobility.

Question 7

Cross-cultural comparisons have found that some of the highe strates of obesity occur in the world's least developed counties.

Accepted Answer

Obesity rates are generally higher in more developed countries due to factors like increased access to high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles, while less developed countries often face issues of undernutrition.

Question 8

Studies have shown that reducing the amount a person sleeps has no effect on blood levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin.

Accepted Answer

Studies have actually shown that sleep deprivation can affect blood levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin. When a person does not get enough sleep, their levels of leptin (which signals satiety) decrease and their levels of ghrelin (which signals hunger) increase, leading to an increase in appetite and potentially weight gain.

Question 9

In the United States, the prevalence of obesity is highest in the20-34-year-old age group.

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of obesity is highest in the 35-44-year-old age group, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 10

Approximately two-thirds of the adult U.S. population are considered overweight or obese.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of 2017-2018, about 42.4% of the U.S. population qualifies as obese, and another 31.8% are considered overweight. Together, this means that about 74.2% of adults in the U.S. are either overweight or obese.

Question 11

Over 17 percent of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight.

Accepted Answer

This is a true statement, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 12

Beyond the United States, there are very low rates of obesity in most countries (only about 100 million people meet the criteria of being clinically obese).

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. According to the World Health Organization, in 2016, over 650 million adults worldwide were obese.

Question 13

The "cafeteria diet effect" is the well-documented tendency for college students to lose weight if they eat in the campus or dormitory cafeteria.

Accepted Answer

The "cafeteria diet effect" is actually the opposite - college students tend to gain weight if they eat in the campus or dormitory cafeteria due to the availability of unhealthy food options and portion sizes.

Question 14

Beyond the United States, rapidly increasing rates of obesity have become a global health problem with more than 1 billionpeople overweight and at least 500 million of these clinically obese.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 15

In the United States it is estimated that slightly less than 5 percent of two- to five-year-olds are overweight.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of 2016, 13.9 percent of two- to five-year-olds in the United States are considered overweight.

Question 16

Research has shown that people who sleep about 5 to 6 hours per night have much lower levels of the hormone ghrelin,decreasing their desire to eat.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that sleep deprivation, such as getting only 5 to 6 hours of sleep, typically increases levels of the hormone ghrelin, which can increase appetite and the desire to eat.

Question 17

According to research described in the Critical Thinking box,"Has Evolution Programmed Us to Overeat?" people in food-rich societies overeat because eating is a ritualized behavior that helps individuals communicate hierarchies.

Accepted Answer

The Critical Thinking box actually discusses the idea that overeating may have evolutionary roots, but not specifically due to ritualized behavior and communication of hierarchies. The article suggests that in the past, overeating was beneficial for survival during times of food scarcity, but in modern societies, where food is abundant, this trait can lead to negative health outcomes.

Question 18

Trying to get by on less sleep is a relatively effective strategy to curb a person's appetite and eat less.

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation can lead to increased appetite and cravings, often resulting in higher calorie intake and weight gain.

Question 19

According to research described in the Critical Thinking box,"Has Evolution Programmed Us to Overeat?" people in food-rich societies eat because they are motivated by the positivei ncentive value of highly palatable foods

Accepted Answer

The research discussed in the Critical Thinking box suggests that people in food-rich societies overeat because they are driven by the pleasurable taste and positive incentive value of highly palatable foods, rather than simply because they are hungry or need nutrition.

Question 20

Benjamin has a BMI of 33.6, which means that he is within the normal range for his height and weight.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 33.6 indicates obesity, not within the normal range.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion