Question 1

What are the basic steps involved in sensation and perception?

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Question 2

When Matt went duck-hunting with his father, they wore camouflage clothing that would allow them to blend in with their surroundings. The effectiveness of camouflage is based upon which Gestalt principle?

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Question 3

Distinguish between sensation and perception.

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Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be considered to be an example of a paranormal phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Subliminal perception is a psychological concept that refers to the ability of the brain to register sensory information from stimuli that are presented below the threshold of conscious awareness. It is not considered a paranormal phenomenon. The other options (psychokinesis, precognition, and telepathy) are all examples of phenomena that are currently unexplained by science and often associated with the paranormal.

Question 5

The sensory receptor cells for hearing are:

Accepted Answer

The sensory receptor cells for hearing are located in the basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. The other options either refer to structures in the middle or the brain instead of the receptors themselves.

Question 6

Because of the law of _____, you tend to perceive the following as three groups of letters:BBBBBBcccccTTTTTT.

Accepted Answer

The law of similarity states that objects that are similar in appearance are perceived as belonging together. In this case, the letters B, c, and T are grouped together based on their similarities in shape and size.

Question 7

Using examples from the story of Mike May, discuss the differences between sensation and perception.

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Question 8

Describe the two types of sensory thresholds, and give an example of each.

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Question 9

Jack is a fervent believer in the idea that ancient astronauts colonized the Earth. After seeing an exhibit of moon rocks,Jack became convinced that one rock had traces of ancient hieroglyphics carved on its side and that another showed acrude diagram of a spaceship. The most likely explanation for Jack's conclusion is his:

Accepted Answer

Jack's belief in the idea of ancient astronauts colonizing Earth likely influenced his perceptual set, or his tendency to perceive information in a way that supports his existing beliefs. He may have selectively attended to and interpreted the exhibit in a way that confirmed his preconceived notions. This is a common cognitive bias known as confirmation bias. The other options (A, C, and D) are not relevant or supported by the scenario.

Question 10

_____ provide more specific information and function best inbright light, while _____ provide less specific information and function best in dim light.

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for providing more specific information and function best in bright light, while rods provide less specific information and function best in dim light.

Question 11

Janna had always been fascinated by stories of the Loch Nessmonster, so when she went to Scotland she made sure to visitthe famous lake, Loch Ness. One rainy morning when she was scanning the lake with high-powered binoculars, she was certain that she saw a huge, long-necked sea monster surface for a few moments. Her companion, however, insisted that she had just seen an uprooted tree being swept by the high waves.Of the following options, which is the most likely explanation for Janna's sighting of the famous Loch Ness monster?

Accepted Answer

Perceptual set refers to the tendency of our expectations, beliefs, and previous experiences to influence our perception of a particular stimulus. Janna's fascination with the Loch Ness monster likely influenced her perception of what she saw in the lake, causing her to see a sea monster instead of an uprooted tree.

Question 12

Walking into the bakery, you immediately notice the smell offreshly baked bread. What is the name of the process through which physical stimuli, such as odors, are converted intoneural signals that are sent to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Transduction is the process by which physical stimuli, such as odors, are converted into neural signals that are sent to the brain. Sensory adaptation refers to the phenomenon by which the brain adjusts to constant stimuli over time, and the mere exposure effect refers to the increased preference for stimuli that are familiar or frequently encountered. Accommodation is a term used in the context of visual perception to refer to the ability of the eye to adjust its focus in response to changes in the distance of objects.

Question 13

To reduce the intense pain of her migraine headaches,Lisette's doctor taught her a procedure that involved learning to control the blood flow and muscle tension in her head and neck. What is the technique called?

Accepted Answer

The technique described involves learning to control physiological functions, such as blood flow and muscle tension, through feedback from electronic devices, which is known as biofeedback. Acupuncture and counterirritation involve different mechanisms for pain relief, while positive self-talk is a cognitive technique that does not specifically address physiological processes.

Question 14

The phenomenon of afterimages can be best explained by which theory?

Accepted Answer

Opponent-process theory suggests that color vision is based on three opposing pairs of colors: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. Afterimages occur when one of the opposing color pairs becomes fatigued, and the other color in the pair becomes momentarily more dominant, creating a visual afterimage.

Question 15

Define and describe the process of transduction, and explain how transduction takes place in at least two different senses.Be specific.

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Question 16

Which of the following receptors trigger the experience of pain?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors are the primary receptors that trigger the experience of pain. Proprioceptors are responsible for providing information about body position and movement, Pacinian corpuscles detect pressure and vibration, and vestibular receptors are involved in balance and spatial orientation.

Question 17

Which sensory receptors are constantly being replaced?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory receptors and taste buds are constantly being replaced throughout an individual's lifetime. Olfactory receptors are constantly exposed to environmental stimuli and are therefore subject to wear and tear, while taste buds have a lifespan of approximately 10 days and are constantly replaced to maintain proper taste sensation.

Question 18

You and your friends are trying to put together a 5,000-piecejigsaw puzzle. Because you are doing this one piece at a time without knowing what the final picture will be you are relying on:

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing involves taking in information through the senses and creating a perception from that information. In the case of the jigsaw puzzle, each piece must be examined and compared to the existing pieces in order to determine its proper place in the puzzle. This process relies on sensory input and the construction of a perceptual representation based on that input.

Question 19

While helping his friends move, Ben dropped a box of bookson his big toe. The immediate, sharp sensation of pain was carried by _____, while the throbbing pain that lasted for the next few days was transmitted by _____.

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to painful stimuli. A-delta fibers are myelinated nerve fibers that transmit pain signals quickly. C fibers are unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit pain signals slowly. Substance P is a neurotransmitter that is released by nociceptors and causes pain.

Question 20

Describe Weber's law, and give an example to illustrate it.

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Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception