Question 1

The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory may not generalize well, meaning that the results cannot be applied toreal-world situations or to more general populations beyond the participants in the study.

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments are conducted in controlled settings with a limited number of participants who may not represent the diversity of real-world populations. Therefore, the findings may have limited applications outside of the laboratory environment and the specific population studied.

Question 2

The results of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were contradicted by the results of correlational research based on astudent survey about health, diet, and exercise and personality measures.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was later replicated and supported by other studies, including a meta-analysis of various experiments. The correlational research mentioned has no relation to contradicting the hotel experiment.

Question 3

Crum and Langer formally reported the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise in Psychological Science.

Accepted Answer

Crum and Langer did formally report the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise in Psychological Science.

Question 4

The results of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were that the informed group participants showed significant improvements in all physical health measures except diastolic blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct statement based on the findings of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment. The informed group showed significant improvements in measures such as weight, muscle strength, and flexibility, but there was no significant change in their diastolic blood pressure.

Question 5

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during...

Question 6

A natural experiment is a study investigating the effects of anaturally occurring event on the research participants.

Accepted Answer

A natural experiment is defined as a study that takes advantage of a naturally occurring event that impacts some people but not others, and uses this event as a quasi-experimental design to study the effects of the event.

Question 7

The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory may not replicate well, meaning that the results cannot be applied toreal-world situations or to more general populations beyond the participants in the study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The results of experiments conducted in the...

Question 8

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals andmore snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of the natural experiment. The study found that although male students in dormitories with food service reported consuming more meals and snacks, they did not gain more weight than those in dormitories without food service.

Question 9

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment showed conclusively that taking ginkgo biloba in combination with exercise has proven health benefits.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false as the hotel experiment has no relation to the use of ginkgo biloba or exercise.

Question 10

Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations.

Accepted Answer

Experiments can only provide information about the specific conditions in which they are conducted and may not be generalizable to other situations. Additionally, experiments may be influenced by factors such as subject bias, experimenter bias, and limited sample size.

Question 11

Crum and Langer reported that none of the participants benefited from perceiving housekeeping work as exercise, and also that those in the informed group reported higher levels of fatigue than the uninformed group.

Accepted Answer

Crum and Langer's study found that participants who perceived housekeeping work as exercise showed health benefits, such as weight loss and reduced blood pressure, compared to those who did not.

Question 12

A potential limitation of the experimental method is thatexperimental results cannot be used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

Experimental methods are specifically designed to establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating an independent variable and observing the effect on a dependent variable, while controlling for other variables.

Question 13

One criticism of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was that members of the informed group might have engaged in more exercise, eaten healthier foods, and so on after being told about the benefits of exercise even though they reported no changes in their behavior.

Accepted Answer

This criticism suggests that the informed group may have experienced some level of behavior change despite reporting no changes in their behavior in the study.

Question 14

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Accepted Answer

This statement presents the findings of a natural experiment on weight-gain during the first year of college, where female students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Question 15

The results of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment provided additional support for the idea that people's beliefs and expectations can have a powerful influence.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Crum and Langer's hotel experiment showed how people's belief and expectation can influence their perception and behavior.

Question 16

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment,the "informed" participants were given free memberships in the hotel's fitness club.

Accepted Answer

The Crum and Langer hotel experiment did not involve giving free fitness club memberships to the "informed" participants. The study focused on informing hotel maids that their work met the Surgeon General's recommendations for an active lifestyle, which led to health improvements without any additional incentives like fitness club memberships.

Question 17

In combination, the ginkgo biloba experiment and the hotel experiment demonstrate that people's beliefs and expectations can have a significant influence on behavior and well-being.

Accepted Answer

Both experiments involved manipulating people's beliefs and expectations and observing the impact it had on their behavior and well-being, demonstrating the influence that these factors can have.

Question 18

During the month-long hotel experiment conducted by Crumand Langer, hotel management confirmed that the workload ofthe housekeeping staff remained constant in both conditions throughout the study.

Accepted Answer

The experiment by Crum and Langer was designed to test the effects of mindset on physical health, and it was important to maintain consistent conditions, including workload, to ensure that any observed effects could be attributed to the intervention rather than changes in workload.

Question 19

A disadvantage of the experimental method is that resultsobtained in an artificial, well-controlled environment may not generalize well to everyday life.

Accepted Answer

The experimental method allows for a high degree of control over variables, but this control often comes at the cost of external validity - the ability to generalize findings to real-world situations. Therefore, results obtained in an artificial, well-controlled environment may not be applicable to everyday life.

Question 20

One limitation of the experimental method is that experiments are often conducted in highly controlled laboratory environments and thus may have little to do with actual behavior.

Accepted Answer

Experiments are often conducted in highly controlled laboratory environments and thus may not accurately represent real-world behavior.

Quiz 1: Introductionand Research Methods