Question 1

Differentiate between material and symbolic cultural tools. Provide an example of each. Explain how these tools impact children's development.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Sickle­cell carriers are resistant to the malaria parasite.

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell carriers have a genetic mutation that makes their red blood cells crescent shaped. This shape makes it difficult for the malaria parasite to infect and survive in these cells, providing some level of resistance to the disease.

Question 3

List and describe the three mechanisms by which culture is thought to be inherited.

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

MOST human abilities are highly canalized.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Family studies are generally better than twin studies in revealing the influence of genetic factors on similarities between individuals.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies allow researchers to directly compare the similarities between identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) and fraternal twins (who share, on average, 50% of their genes), which allows for more precise estimates of genetic influence on traits. Family studies, on the other hand, do not allow for this level of comparison and may include environmental factors that are shared by family members.

Question 6

What are mitosis and meiosis? Describe each process. Under what circumstances does each occur?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Niche construction places the responsibility for environmental modification solely on the individual.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

How would you know if a particular human characteristic is highly canalized? Give one or two examples of human traits that may be highly canalized.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Imagine that you are enjoying dinner at a restaurant. What aspects of the experience reflect your use of material tools? What aspects reflect your use of symbolic tools? Provide a minimum of two examples of each type of cultural tool.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

We receive 23 chromosomes from each of our parents.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in 23 pairs. We receive one chromosome from each pair from each of our parents.

Question 11

Describe the factors that contribute to the unique genetic makeup of every individual.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Genetic mutations have only become common in the modern era due to increased environmental pollutants.

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations have been occurring long before the modern era, due to various factors such as natural mutations, genetic disorders, and exposure to radiation. While environmental pollutants can increase the frequency of genetic mutations, they are not the sole cause of their occurrence.

Question 13

Kinships studies suggest that similarities among kin are greatest when individuals have similar genetic makeups.

Accepted Answer

Kinship studies have found that genetic relatedness is a major factor in determining similarities among kin, therefore individuals who share similar genetic makeups often exhibit greater similarities with each other compared to unrelated individuals.

Question 14

The continuous interaction of biological, cultural, and environmental factors leads to the similarities and differences between individuals.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as the characteristics of an individual are not only determined by their biology but also the culture they belong to and the environment they live in. The intersection of these factors results in the unique set of traits and qualities that make up an individual's identity.

Question 15

Sickle­cell carriers suffer from anemia and early death.

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell carriers have the sickle-cell trait, meaning they have one copy of the sickle-cell gene and one normal gene. They do not usually suffer from anemia or early death, but may be more resistant to malaria. Those who have two copies of the sickle-cell gene (sickle-cell disease) do suffer from anemia and other health complications.

Question 16

What does it mean if you are homozygous or heterozygous for a particular allele? If two different alleles are present, which will be phenotypically expressed? Give an example.

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Question 17

Explain how research on Tasmanian societies demonstrates an aspect of cultural evolution.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

What is "cultural evolution"? Explain how research on macaque monkeys in Japan demonstrates this process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Cultural factors can influence the extent to which particular traits and behaviors become adaptive.

Accepted Answer

Cultural factors such as beliefs, values, norms, and customs can shape individuals' behavior and affect what traits are valued and therefore more likely to be adaptive or advantageous in a particular context. For example, a culture that values collectivism may place emphasis on group cooperation and harmony rather than individual achievement, which could influence the development of traits like humility and empathy as more adaptive.

Question 20

Recessive alleles are likely to be expressed in an individual's phenotype.

Accepted Answer

Recessive alleles are only expressed in an individual's phenotype if they are homozygous for the recessive allele, meaning they have inherited two copies of the recessive allele. If an individual is heterozygous for the recessive allele, they will not express the recessive trait, as the dominant allele will be expressed instead.

Quiz 2: Biocultural Foundations

Differentiate between material and symbolic cultural tools. Provide an example of each. Explain how these tools impact children's development.

Sicklecell carriers are resistant to the malaria parasite.

List and describe the three mechanisms by which culture is thought to be inherited.

MOST human abilities are highly canalized.

Family studies are generally better than twin studies in revealing the influence of genetic factors on similarities between individuals.

What are mitosis and meiosis? Describe each process. Under what circumstances does each occur?

Niche construction places the responsibility for environmental modification solely on the individual.

How would you know if a particular human characteristic is highly canalized? Give one or two examples of human traits that may be highly canalized.

Imagine that you are enjoying dinner at a restaurant. What aspects of the experience reflect your use of material tools? What aspects reflect your use of symbolic tools? Provide a minimum of two examples of each type of cultural tool.

We receive 23 chromosomes from each of our parents.

Describe the factors that contribute to the unique genetic makeup of every individual.

Genetic mutations have only become common in the modern era due to increased environmental pollutants.

Kinships studies suggest that similarities among kin are greatest when individuals have similar genetic makeups.

The continuous interaction of biological, cultural, and environmental factors leads to the similarities and differences between individuals.

Sicklecell carriers suffer from anemia and early death.

What does it mean if you are homozygous or heterozygous for a particular allele? If two different alleles are present, which will be phenotypically expressed? Give an example.

Explain how research on Tasmanian societies demonstrates an aspect of cultural evolution.

What is "cultural evolution"? Explain how research on macaque monkeys in Japan demonstrates this process.

Cultural factors can influence the extent to which particular traits and behaviors become adaptive.

Recessive alleles are likely to be expressed in an individual's phenotype.

Quiz 2: Biocultural Foundations

Differentiate between material and symbolic cultural tools. Provide an example of each. Explain how these tools impact children's development.

Sickle­cell carriers are resistant to the malaria parasite.

List and describe the three mechanisms by which culture is thought to be inherited.

MOST human abilities are highly canalized.

Family studies are generally better than twin studies in revealing the influence of genetic factors on similarities between individuals.

What are mitosis and meiosis? Describe each process. Under what circumstances does each occur?

Niche construction places the responsibility for environmental modification solely on the individual.

How would you know if a particular human characteristic is highly canalized? Give one or two examples of human traits that may be highly canalized.

Imagine that you are enjoying dinner at a restaurant. What aspects of the experience reflect your use of material tools? What aspects reflect your use of symbolic tools? Provide a minimum of two examples of each type of cultural tool.

We receive 23 chromosomes from each of our parents.

Describe the factors that contribute to the unique genetic makeup of every individual.

Genetic mutations have only become common in the modern era due to increased environmental pollutants.

Kinships studies suggest that similarities among kin are greatest when individuals have similar genetic makeups.

The continuous interaction of biological, cultural, and environmental factors leads to the similarities and differences between individuals.

Sickle­cell carriers suffer from anemia and early death.

What does it mean if you are homozygous or heterozygous for a particular allele? If two different alleles are present, which will be phenotypically expressed? Give an example.

Explain how research on Tasmanian societies demonstrates an aspect of cultural evolution.

What is "cultural evolution"? Explain how research on macaque monkeys in Japan demonstrates this process.

Cultural factors can influence the extent to which particular traits and behaviors become adaptive.

Recessive alleles are likely to be expressed in an individual's phenotype.

Sicklecell carriers are resistant to the malaria parasite.

Sicklecell carriers suffer from anemia and early death.