The Hoffa doctrine asserts the following:

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The Hoffa doctrine specifically addresses the issue of whether individuals who voluntarily disclose information to another person or entity have a reasonable expectation of privacy. The doctrine holds that if individuals wrongly believe that their voluntarily disclosed information will not be revealed, they are not protected under the Fourth Amendment. This was established in United States v. Hoffa (1967), where union leader Jimmy Hoffa's conviction for attempted bribery was upheld under the premise that the individuals he spoke to voluntarily shared information with him and had no reasonable expectation of privacy. The doctrine has been cited in numerous court cases since then to determine the admissibility of evidence obtained from voluntarily disclosed information.

The Hoffa Doctrine Asserts the Following