Question 1

Which strategy is essential to improving self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Making a commitment to improve or change is essential to improving self-concept because it sets the intention and motivation for self-improvement. Without commitment, it is difficult to sustain efforts to improve self-concept. Ignoring why you are unhappy or setting overly optimistic goals may lead to avoidance of real issues and disappointment if they are not achieved. Focusing on your best qualities and forgetting about negative ones is helpful, but without a commitment to improvement, it may not result in lasting change.

Question 2

Relatively long-lasting principles or standards that guide our behavior are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Values are principles or standards that guide our behavior and are typically long-lasting. Opinions, beliefs, and attitudes may change more easily and are not necessarily as foundational to our behavior as values.

Question 3

What is most valued by cultures with a collectivistic orientation?

Accepted Answer

Cultures with a collectivistic orientation prioritize the needs and values of the group over the individual. The success and well-being of the group as a whole is considered more important than personal achievement or individualism.

Question 4

According to psycholinguist Deborah Tannen, male conversations are __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Deborah Tannen, male conversations are negotiations to gain the upper hand or establish dominance over others.

Question 5

Before his job interview, Anderson buys a new suit and gets a haircut. On the morning of his interview, he tells himself that he is a great candidate for this job and that the interviewer is sure to like him. Anderson's preparations are a type of __________.

Accepted Answer

Anderson's preparations, including buying a new suit and getting a haircut, are examples of impression management, which refers to the process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions others have of them. This includes managing one's own behavior, appearance, and communication to create a positive image. Additionally, Anderson's positive self-talk about being a great candidate is also a form of impression management, as he is attempting to project confidence and competence to the interviewer.

Question 6

The way we want to appear to others is referred to as our __________.

Accepted Answer

Our presenting self is the image we want to portray to others, whereas our real self is who we truly are. The perceived self refers to how others view us, and the social self refers to the roles and identities we take on in different social contexts. Therefore, the best choice is C, presenting self.

Question 7

Which statement is correct regarding the social identity level of the personal-social identity continuum?

Accepted Answer

The social identity level, which is at the far end of the personal-social identity continuum, is characterized by how we define ourselves in relation to others and how we compare ourselves with others. Therefore, characterizing ourselves does depend on comparisons to others. Option A is incorrect because we cannot experience all aspects of our self-concept simultaneously as different parts of our identity may become more salient in different situations. Option B is incorrect because personal identity characterizes how unique we are compared to others, not how alike we are to them. Option C is incorrect because self-identity has a significant influence on our behavior.

Question 8

Mae is a little anxious when it's time for her first mid-term exams in college. But she prepares thoroughly, and expects to get good grades just as she always has. Mae's expectations reflect which aspect of self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Mae's expectations of getting good grades is reflective of the self-fulfilling prophecy aspect of self-concept. This is because her beliefs and expectations about her performance will likely influence her behavior and effort, ultimately leading to the outcome she expects.

Question 9

Generally, when does gender consistency develop for most people?

Accepted Answer

Most children develop a sense of gender consistency between the ages of 4 to 7, where they understand that their gender is a stable part of their identity and does not change over time. However, it is important to note that gender identity can vary and may not follow a typical developmental timeline for all individuals.

Question 10

According to Gonzales and Hancock, why does social media use tend to enhance our self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

According to Gonzales and Hancock, social media users tend to post information about themselves that is positive, which can enhance their self-esteem.

Question 11

When we describe ourselves as members of a group, we tend to emphasize __________.

Accepted Answer

When we identify ourselves as part of a group, we often highlight the similarities we share with other members of the group in order to establish a sense of belonging and identity. This helps to strengthen connections and relationships within the group.

Question 12

Online social connection is the belief that online communication enables __________.

Accepted Answer

Online social connection refers to the ability to connect with others through online communication channels, such as social media, messaging apps, and online forums. Therefore, the best choice is C, social contact, as this is the core benefit of online social connection. Option A, apprehension, is not a characteristic of online social connection but rather a potential negative consequence. Option B, self-esteem, may be affected by online social connection, but it is not the primary purpose or benefit of it. Option D, miscommunication, is also a potential negative consequence of online communication, but it is not the goal or benefit of social connection.

Question 13

Jenn likes to document her daily life on Snapchat and Instagram. She posts what she's eating, where she's going and who she is hanging out with. It is clear that Jenn has a high degree of __________.

Accepted Answer

Jenn's behavior of posting personal information on Snapchat and Instagram indicates a high degree of online self-disclosure.

Question 14

A belief can best be explained as __________.

Accepted Answer

A belief is a conviction, or a firmly held opinion or view. It is not a preference, desire, or feeling, which may be more temporary or subject to change.

Question 15

In research involving videos of 9-month old infants, observers identified the infant as either male or female based on __________.

Accepted Answer

Observers often rely on names to identify the gender of infants, as physical characteristics like size or behavior are not distinctly different at that age.

Question 16

Shraddha enjoys being around outgoing people, but she dislikes those who brag about themselves. Shraddha's feelings about people she prefers reflect a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

Shraddha's feelings towards outgoing people and dislike towards those who brag about themselves reflect her attitude towards these traits in people.

Question 17

When dealing with individuals with different cultural backgrounds, competent communicators should develop the ability to __________.

Accepted Answer

Competent communicators should be able to adapt their perceptions when dealing with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. This means that they should be able to see things from the other person's perspective and understand how their cultural background may influence their communication style and behavior. Focusing on personal goals, avoiding interpretation of stimuli, and using selective exposure are not effective ways to communicate with people from different cultures.

Question 18

According to the model developed by social psychologist John Kinch, what directly affects or alters our behavior?

Accepted Answer

John Kinch's model emphasizes the significance of our perceptions of others' responses in shaping our behavior. This model suggests that it's not just the actual responses from others that influence us, but how we perceive and interpret these responses that directly affect our actions and reactions.

Question 19

Which type of men and women are identified by psychologists as those most likely to be successful in their interactions and careers?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists identify individuals with both male and female traits as those most likely to be successful in their interactions and careers. This is because they tend to have a combination of assertiveness, empathy, and flexibility, which are all important qualities for success in various situations. They are able to communicate effectively, build relationships, and adapt to different environments.

Question 20

Which term refers to something that is socially constructed?

Accepted Answer

Gender is a socially constructed term that refers to the cultural and societal expectations and norms surrounding an individual's behavior, attitudes, and roles based on their sex. Sex, on the other hand, refers to an individual's biological and physical characteristics. Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving. Anatomy refers to the physical structure of an organism.

Quiz 2: Connecting Perception, Self, and Communication