Question 1

Those who support the get tough or just deserts movement are focused on more ______.

Accepted Answer

Those who support the get tough or just deserts movement are focused on punishment rather than rehabilitation, restorative justice or fines. They believe in holding offenders accountable for their actions and punishing them accordingly, even if it means longer prison sentences or harsher punishments.

Question 2

One alternative for the future of the juvenile justice system is that it will ______.

Accepted Answer

As the trend towards rehabilitation and restorative justice continues, there is a growing movement towards ending the juvenile justice system as we know it and finding alternative methods for holding young people accountable for their actions. This may include creating community-based programs or utilizing diversion measures to prevent involvement in the justice system altogether.

Question 3

One other possibility for the future of the juvenile justice system is that the ______ movement will flourish.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by a crime rather than punishing the offender. This approach has shown promise in reducing recidivism and improving outcomes for both the offender and the victim. As awareness and understanding of restorative justice grows, it is possible that this movement will gain momentum and become a more widely adopted approach in the juvenile justice system.

Question 4

Which approach to juvenile justice results in a return to a more caring and personal approach?

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm caused by the offense and includes the victim, offender, and community in the process. This approach emphasizes rehabilitation and personal responsibility, rather than punishment and isolation, which can lead to a more caring and personal approach to juvenile justice.

Question 5

Based on current trends, it appears likely that the juvenile justice system will continue to provide ______ services for juveniles but with an increase in the number of crimes for which waivers to adult court are used and with an ______ in hybrid sentencing.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that the juvenile justice system will continue to provide separate services for juveniles but with an increase in the number of crimes for which waivers to adult court are used and with an increase in hybrid sentencing. Therefore, choice A, which includes "separate" services and an "increase" in hybrid sentencing, is the best fit. Choice B, which includes "separate" services but a "decrease" in hybrid sentencing, is incorrect. Choice C, which includes "bifurcated" services and a "decrease" in hybrid sentencing, is not mentioned in the sentence. Choice D, which includes "psychological" services and a "decrease" in hybrid sentencing, is not supported by the sentence.

Question 6

Adult and juvenile justice systems in the United States were ______ because of the belief that courts should act in the best interests of juveniles and because of the belief that association with adult offenders would increase the possibility that juveniles would become involved in criminal careers.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system was separated from the adult justice system in the United States due to the belief that it was in the best interest of juveniles to have their own court system and because there was a concern that being associated with adult offenders would increase the likelihood of juveniles becoming repeat offenders. Therefore, the best choice is "separated" (B). "Joined" (A) does not accurately describe the historical development of the two systems, while "bifurcated" (C) and "transformed" (D) may be technically accurate but are not as commonly used or appropriate in this context as "separated".

Question 7

The initial underlying assumption of the juvenile justice system is that juveniles with problems should be ______ and/or ______ rather than punished.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system was designed to focus on the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders rather than punishment, with the assumption that they can be treated and educated to prevent future offenses. option A, C, and D are not in line with this underlying assumption of the juvenile justice system.

Question 8

The claim has been made that it is ______ discrimination that is the primary reason for group differences in material wealth and living conditions.

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination refers to the ways in which societal institutions such as the government, schools, and workplaces create and maintain unequal social, economic, and political conditions for certain groups. This type of discrimination can have a significant impact on group differences in material wealth and living conditions. Social discrimination, which refers to discrimination that occurs at the individual level within social interactions, may also contribute to these differences to some extent, but institutional discrimination is likely to have a more significant and widespread impact. Racial discrimination can be a specific form of institutional discrimination, but it is not the only form and may not be the primary driver of group differences in all contexts. Individual discrimination, which occurs at the level of individual attitudes and behaviors, may also contribute to group differences, but again, institutional discrimination is generally considered to be the more significant factor.

Question 9

One possibility for the future of the juvenile justice system is that it will rely heavily on ______ for violent juveniles.

Accepted Answer

The idea of hybrid sentencing, which involves a combination of rehabilitation and punishment, has gained popularity in the juvenile justice system. This approach aims to provide treatment and support to help young offenders turn their lives around while still holding them accountable for their actions. Relying solely on punitive measures or transferring juveniles to adult prisons has been criticized for being ineffective and harmful to the overall well-being of the juvenile. Executions are not a viable or ethical option for the juvenile justice system.

Question 10

______ involved in the juvenile justice system face multiple challenges on their pathway to adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system face multiple challenges such as disrupted education, limited job opportunities, and social stigma, among others, which can impact their development and future success. Young children and preteens are not typically involved in the juvenile justice system, and adults are typically dealt with in the criminal justice system.

Question 11

The public has also perceived that the juvenile justice system is too ______ on offenders.

Accepted Answer

The word "too" in the sentence implies that the public believes the juvenile justice system is not strict enough on offenders. Therefore, the best choice is D) lenient, meaning not strict or harsh enough.

Question 12

Restorative justice may not work for all juvenile offenders and all types of offenses; however, it appears to be successful with those who can be ______ into the community after a mistake or a minor wrongful act.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice aims to reintegrate juvenile offenders back into the community after committing a wrongful act. Thus, the best choice is C, reintegrated. The other choices, separated, removed, and shamed, do not align with the goal of restorative justice.

Question 13

______ perception has been that juvenile crimes are becoming more and more serious.

Accepted Answer

The public perception refers to how the general public, including media and social media, view juvenile crimes. Therefore, it is the most relevant choice for the given context. Law enforcement perception would focus on the actual crimes being committed and their severity, political perception would consider policies and laws related to juvenile crimes, and parental perception would be limited to individual families and their experiences.

Question 14

Which approach to juvenile justice results in more juveniles being processed through the adult system instead of the juvenile system?

Accepted Answer

The "get tough" and "just deserts" approaches to juvenile justice both result in more juveniles being processed through the adult system instead of the juvenile system. These approaches emphasize punishment and accountability similar to adult standards, leading to a higher likelihood of juveniles facing adult penalties.

Question 15

______ sentences allow juveniles to be sentenced to adult and juvenile dispositions by both adult court judges and juvenile court judges.

Accepted Answer

Blended sentences allow for a combination of juvenile and adult dispositions, providing a flexible approach to sentencing juveniles in both juvenile and adult court systems.

Question 16

We have seen that the juvenile justice system is subject to numerous stresses and strains from ______.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system is subject to numerous stresses and strains from within, such as lack of resources, overcrowding, and staff shortages.

Question 17

The complete demise of the juvenile justice system is ______, simply because the goals of the system are worthy and not likely to be ______ completely.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that the juvenile justice system's complete demise is not expected because its goals are considered worthy and not likely to be completely abandoned, making "unlikely" and "abandoned" the correct choices.

Question 18

A popular view is that, to protect the public safety, youth who commit serious or violent acts should be subject to the same ______ as apply to adults.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that youth who commit serious or violent acts should face similar punishments (such as imprisonment) as adults in order to protect public safety. Therefore, option B, punishments, is the best choice. Option A, opportunities, is not relevant to the sentence. Option C, death penalty, is not appropriate as it is a controversial issue and not applicable in all cases. Option D, facility, is not specific enough and does not complete the sentence.

Question 19

The ability to adaptively cope with racial ______ is an important consideration for the future of juvenile justice.

Accepted Answer

The term "racial discrimination" refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on their race, which is a significant issue that needs to be addressed in the context of juvenile justice.

Question 20

It is unlikely that ______ advocates will withdraw from the field of battle in the juvenile justice system.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice advocates focus on repairing the harm caused by crime and restoring relationships between victims and offenders. They are unlikely to withdraw from the field of juvenile justice because they believe that this approach is more effective than traditional "get tough" or "just deserts" approaches.

Quiz 14: The Future of Juvenile Justice