Question 1

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about people with low self-esteem is NOT true?
A) People with low self-esteem are likely to magnify their failures.
B) People with low self-esteem are more likely to emphasize others' negative comments.
C) People with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior.
D) People with low self-esteem are more likely to be depressed.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, people with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in self-destructive behavior rather than antisocial behavior.

Question 2

Social penetration theory uses the metaphor of an onion to illustrate how self-disclosure develops over time in a relationship.

Accepted Answer

Social penetration theory does indeed use the metaphor of an onion to explain the gradual and layered nature of self-disclosure in relationships.

Question 3

Research has shown that genetics have little or no influence on personality.

Accepted Answer

While genetics may not be the sole determiner of personality, research has shown that they do have a significant influence on certain aspects of personality such as temperament and tendencies towards certain traits.

Question 4

Your self-concept is made up of the perceptions you have about who you are as a person.

Accepted Answer

Your self-concept is indeed based on the perceptions you have about yourself, which can include your personality traits, abilities, values, beliefs, and experiences. These perceptions help shape your self-image and influence how you behave and interact with others.

Question 5

One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for that process is
A) social comparison.
B) reflected appraisal.
C) personality.
D) evaluative assessment.

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the process of determining our own self-concept based on how we believe others perceive us. It involves taking into account the feedback and evaluations we receive from others to shape our self-concept. Social comparison, on the other hand, involves comparing oneself to others in order to evaluate oneself. Personality refers to a person's unique set of characteristics and traits, while evaluative assessment refers to the process of making judgments or evaluations about oneself or others.

Question 6

According to the norm of reciprocity, people expect the level of disclosures in their personal relationships to be relatively equivalent.

Accepted Answer

The norm of reciprocity suggests that people tend to disclose personal information to others who have also disclosed personal information to them. Therefore, people expect a relatively equivalent level of disclosure in their personal relationships.

Question 7

The way you tend to think and act in most situations defines your
A) personality.
B) self-concept.
C) self-image.
D) behavioral consistency.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to an individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that consistently define them across different situations. Therefore, the way one tends to think and act in most situations is a defining aspect of their personality. Self-concept and self-image also play a role in shaping personality, but they are more focused on the individual's perceptions and beliefs about themselves rather than their actual behaviors. Behavioral consistency is a related concept, but it does not encompass the entirety of one's personality.

Question 8

Image management is a complex, collaborative process.

Accepted Answer

Image management involves a variety of tasks such as organization, editing, distribution, and archiving. It often requires collaboration between multiple professionals such as photographers, graphic designers, and marketing experts. Therefore, it is a complex and collaborative process.

Question 9

Most research supports the notion that low self-disclosure is the underlying cause of juvenile delinquency and anti-social behavior.

Accepted Answer

While low self-disclosure can be a contributing factor to some cases of juvenile delinquency and anti-social behavior, there are many complex individual and environmental factors at play. Research shows that there is no one definitive cause or explanation for these behaviors.

Question 10

Fellowship face refers to our need to avoid being imposed upon by others.

Accepted Answer

Fellowship face refers to our desire to be liked, accepted, and included by others, not our need to avoid being imposed upon.

Question 11

When we evaluate our own merits with respect to certain reference groups, we are engaging in a process known as
A) self-esteem maintenance.
B) social comparison.
C) the looking-glass self.
D) impression formation.

Accepted Answer

Social comparison refers to the process of evaluating ourselves by comparing ourselves to others, particularly those within our reference group. This can involve upward social comparison (comparing ourselves to those who are better) or downward social comparison (comparing ourselves to those who are worse). Self-esteem maintenance refers to the strategies people use to maintain their self-esteem, such as social comparison. The looking-glass self refers to the idea that our self-concept is derived from how we believe others perceive us. Impression formation refers to the process of forming an impression of someone based on their behavior, appearance and other cues.

Question 12

According to the Johari Window, there are aspects of our personalities that others can see in us but that we are unaware of. These are known as the ________ aspects of our self.
A) open
B) hidden
C) blind
D) unknown

Accepted Answer

The Johari Window divides our personality into four quadrants: open, hidden, blind, and unknown. The blind quadrant includes aspects of ourselves that others can see in us but we are unaware of. Therefore, the answer is C: blind.

Question 13

Anytime you expect something to happen, and then it does, that's a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy specifically refers to a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, due to the positive feedback between belief and behavior, not merely an expectation that happens to come true.

Question 14

Scientific studies have confirmed that girls have lower self-esteem than boys, on average.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific studies have confirmed that girls have...

Question 15

In personal relationships, it's always best to increase the breadth and depth of self-disclosure.

Accepted Answer

While increasing the breadth and depth of self-disclosure can enhance intimacy in personal relationships, it must be appropriate to the level of trust and stage of the relationship. Over-disclosure or inappropriate timing can lead to discomfort, breaches of privacy, or damage to the relationship.

Question 16

Self-concept is entirely subjective.

Accepted Answer

Self-concept is influenced by both subjective perceptions and objective feedback from the environment, including the reactions and evaluations of others.

Question 17

Self-fulfilling prophecies that we make for ourselves often affect the behavior of others.

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecies refer to our beliefs and expectations about ourselves that can influence our behavior and ultimately, the behavior of others towards us. If we have positive beliefs about ourselves, we are likely to act in ways that reflect that positivity, and people around us will respond positively as well. Conversely, negative beliefs can lead to negative behaviors and reactions from others, creating a self-fulfilling cycle.

Question 18

Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your
A) face.
B) image.
C) reference group.
D) self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to one's perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes about oneself, including one's personality traits, values, and abilities. It is a deeper understanding of oneself beyond external appearances or the image presented to others.

Question 19

Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to appear unsophisticated or socially awkward.

Accepted Answer

Low self-monitors are less likely to modify their behavior according to social situations and tend to display consistent behavior regardless of the setting, which can lead to appearing unsophisticated or socially awkward. High self-monitors are more adaptable to social situations and can modify their behavior to fit in, making them appear more socially skilled.

Question 20

As articulated by Schutz, the need for affection refers to the need to have people love and appreciate us.

Accepted Answer

According to Schutz, the need for affection refers to the need to have people love and appreciate us.

Quiz 3: Communication and the Self

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about people with low self-esteem is NOT true?