Question 1

______ focuses on a step-by-step curriculum to affect change.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Competency for legal purposes refers to a young person's ability to ______.

Accepted Answer

Competency for legal purposes refers to a young person's ability to understand and participate in court proceedings, such as being able to follow and answer questions during a trial or hearing. It does not necessarily involve the ability to present a coherent defense or testify on one's behalf, although those abilities may contribute to competency in some cases. The most important factor is the young person's ability to understand what is happening and to actively participate in the legal proceedings.

Question 3

Trends across the country over the past decade have been toward increasing legal representation and ______.

Accepted Answer

Across the country, there has been a trend of limiting the ability to waive counsel, meaning that minors are more likely to have legal representation in juvenile court proceedings. This trend has been driven by concerns for fairness and due process, as well as a recognition of the importance of legal representation in ensuring just outcomes. There has not been a trend toward defending the rights of the victim or making it harder to prosecute youths. While there has been some debate over whether jury trials should be required in delinquency proceedings, this has not been a widespread trend across the country.

Question 4

Evidence has convincingly found that adolescents, and in particular those who are 14 years of age or younger, are not equipped to ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence has convincingly found that adolescents, and...

Question 5

______ uses certain cognitive-behavioral techniques to identify anger triggers, improve behavioral skills, and increase adolescent prosocial skills.

Accepted Answer

Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is a structured, cognitive-behavioral approach that targets anger management in adolescents. ART uses techniques such as cognitive restructuring, social skills training, and moral reasoning training to identify anger triggers, improve behavioral skills, and increase prosocial behavior. The other options listed (Coordinated Regulatory Therapy, Reintegrative Social Conditioning, and Social Skill-building Approach) do not specifically target anger management, nor do they employ the same cognitive-behavioral techniques as ART.

Question 6

Detention centers are typically used for youthful offenders who ______.

Accepted Answer

Detention centers are primarily used for young offenders who are awaiting a court hearing or disposition. They are often held in a secure facility to ensure that they do not flee or re-offend while awaiting trial. It is also possible for young offenders to be sent to a detention center after they have been sentenced, but this is less common.

Question 7

In many states and jurisdictions the most common means of providing an attorney to a defendant is the ______.

Accepted Answer

The use of the public defender office is the most common means of providing an attorney to a defendant in many states and jurisdictions. The public defender office is a government-funded agency that provides legal support to individuals who cannot afford a private attorney. Assigned counsel, attorney stipends, and contract attorneys are less commonly used methods of providing legal representation to defendants.

Question 8

The application of certain risk assessment instruments that use ______ as a criterion in determining level of reoffending risk may perpetuate a higher risk for youthful offenders of color.

Accepted Answer

Prior offending is often used in risk assessment instruments to predict the likelihood of reoffending. However, this can perpetuate a higher risk for youthful offenders of color due to systemic biases in the criminal justice system that lead to higher rates of arrest and conviction for these groups.

Question 9

Over the past decade, 30 states have passed legislation to determine specific ______ and standing trial standards.

Accepted Answer

The passage specifically mentions that the legislation passed by the 30 states was to determine "juvenile competency" standards and standing trial standards. The other answer choices are not mentioned in the passage.

Question 10

In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that youthful offenders facing delinquency proceedings must be afforded the right to legal counsel.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court case that established the right to legal counsel for youthful offenders facing delinquency proceedings is In re Gault.

Question 11

Only 10 states prohibit or limit ______ in cases involving a youthful offender.

Accepted Answer

Only 10 states prohibit or limit the waiver of counsel in cases involving a youthful offender, ensuring that minors have legal representation.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of detention centers?

Accepted Answer

Detention centers are meant for short-term holding of juvenile offenders who have committed serious offenses. They are not designed for long-term detainment or for improving delinquent behaviors. While some detention centers may offer interventions, they are not a guarantee and should be limited to serious offenders only.

Question 13

If rehabilitative interventions are to be successful and have an impact, they must be well designed, of high quality, and of sufficient ______.

Accepted Answer

Duration is the correct answer because rehabilitative interventions must be of sufficient duration to be effective.

Question 14

There is evidence to suggest that facilities that ______ and provide treatment services can have a significant impact on decreasing reoffending upon release.

Accepted Answer

Identifying risk factors is crucial in correctional facilities to tailor treatment and interventions that address the specific risks associated with reoffending. This approach helps in effectively reducing the likelihood of reoffending upon release.

Question 15

The juvenile justice system is most effective when decision-making and resource allocation are guided by ______.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system is most effective when its decision-making and resource allocation are guided by what is most appropriate for adolescents, considering their developmental needs and potential for rehabilitation.

Question 16

With ______ found across most detention facilities, there are concerns that even rehabilitative approaches within the centers will not address or reduce the problem.

Accepted Answer

Racial/ethnic disparities are pervasive across detention facilities, and there are concerns that even rehabilitative approaches will not fully address or reduce these disparities. This is because these disparities are often rooted in larger societal issues such as systemic racism and discrimination.

Question 17

The ______ has developed thorough national standards for youthful offender defense practice and policies which cover the role of the attorney through all stages of the process and recognizes juvenile defense as a specialized practice, requiring ongoing training, evaluation, and leadership.

Accepted Answer

The National Juvenile Defender Center has developed national standards for youthful offender defense practice and policies, recognizing juvenile defense as a specialized practice requiring ongoing training, evaluation, and leadership. The other options do not specifically focus on juvenile defense or have not developed such comprehensive standards for this practice.

Question 18

Youthful offenders who are involved with the juvenile justice system at earlier ages and are adjudicated delinquent in their early adolescence, and those ______ are at greatest risk for ongoing felony convictions and recidivism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Youthful offenders who are involved with the...

Question 19

Once transferred to adult court, an adolescent offender will be treated as an adult and he/she will be ______.

Accepted Answer

Once transferred to adult court, an adolescent offender will be treated as an adult and will be sentenced in adult court. They will no longer be under the jurisdiction of juvenile justice law and will be subject to the same punishments as adult offenders. They may also be housed with adult offenders.

Question 20

Many, but not all, incarceration facilities use ______ approaches.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many, but not all, incarceration facilities use...

Quiz 14: Rehabilitation of Serious and Chronic Youthful Offenders