Question 1

One of the problems with the concept of race is the assumption that racial groups are ______.

Accepted Answer

The concept of race assumes that different racial groups are distinct and exclusive, meaning that they have clear boundaries and are easily identified. This assumption is problematic because it ignores the fact that race is actually a socially constructed category and that there is significant genetic diversity within and between groups. Therefore, the idea that racial groups are completely separate and distinct entities is not accurate.

Question 2

The term for a group of people who share a common culture and language is ______.

Accepted Answer

An ethnic group is defined by shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. That typically includes common language, ancestry, history, and other cultural elements.

Question 3

The concept of "homosexuality" differs considerably across cultures. Because of this, it may be difficult for a researcher to gain ______ if she or he is studying this construct with a sample of people from various cultures and ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Conceptual equivalence refers to the degree to which a concept has the same meaning in different cultures. When studying constructs like "homosexuality" that can vary significantly across cultures, achieving conceptual equivalence is challenging but crucial for meaningful cross-cultural research.

Question 4

A scale originally written in English but then translated into Spanish needs to have the same meaning in both languages. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of translational equivalence, which means that the translation accurately conveys the same meaning as the original text in both languages. Conceptual equivalence refers to ensuring that the concepts being discussed are culturally appropriate and understandable in both languages, while the language barrier and translational difference do not accurately describe the situation in the example.

Question 5

American Indian persons have endured cumulative psychological wounding over generations resulting from massive group suffering and distress. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Historical trauma refers to the emotional and psychological impact experienced by a group of people due to past traumatic events, such as colonization, forced removals, and cultural assimilation. American Indian communities have experienced historical trauma, resulting in cumulative psychological wounding over generations.

Question 6

The word "Hispanic" refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

The word "Hispanic" refers to all people of Spanish origin, whether from Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, or elsewhere.

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the guidelines for research with people of color?

Accepted Answer

Being aware of subcultural variations is a guideline for research with people of color. It is important for researchers to recognize that within any ethnic or racial group, there are subcultural variations that should be put into consideration during research. These variations include differences in socioeconomic status, cultural traditions, beliefs, and values. This knowledge can help researchers to better understand the experiences of people of color and reduce the potential for stereotyping or misinterpretation of data.

Question 8

The word "Latino" ______.

Accepted Answer

The word "Latino" is an example of male as the normative in language. It is derived from the word "Latinoamericano," which means Latin American. However, the use of the masculine form as the default or normative has been criticized as excluding women and non-binary individuals.

Question 9

An example of racism directed at Asian Americans is ______.

Accepted Answer

The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II is a historical example of racism directed at Asian Americans, where individuals of Japanese descent were forcibly relocated and incarcerated in camps.

Question 10

Cultural differences from one tribe to another among American Indians could be viewed as ______.

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences from one tribe to another among American Indians can be viewed as subcultural variations, as each tribe may have its own distinct customs, traditions, and social norms within the broader context of American Indian culture.

Question 11

______ are disproportionately the target of hate violence.

Accepted Answer

Trans people of color are disproportionately the targets of hate violence. According to the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs 2019 report, 91% of the victims of anti-transgender homicides were people of color, and the majority were Black transgender women. This group also experiences high levels of discrimination and barriers to healthcare and other services.

Question 12

White researchers have generally described African American families as deficient. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Eurocentrism is a perspective that imposes Western values and norms as the standard, while ignoring the beliefs and customs of other cultures. In this case, the white researchers are using their own cultural norms to judge and evaluate African American families, which leads to the description of deficiency.

Question 13

According to the 2015 U.S. Census Bureau, multiracial individuals are ______% of the population.

Accepted Answer

In 2015, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that multiracial individuals made up approximately 3% of the U.S. population.

Question 14

The invasion of American Indian tribes by Europeans and the period of slavery for African Americans, both leading to negative psychological consequences in later generations, are both examples of ______.

Accepted Answer

Historical trauma refers to the lasting emotional and psychological distress that communities experience as a result of historical events, such as colonization or slavery. Both the invasion of American Indian tribes and the period of slavery for African Americans are examples of such events.

Question 15

People who live in the United States who are from the Indian subcontinent are usually considered ______.

Accepted Answer

People from the Indian subcontinent are considered Asian Americans. While they may identify as Indian, Indian American or South Asian, they are classified as Asian American by the U.S. Census Bureau and generally fall under this racial category in the United States.

Question 16

One study of Khmer refugee women living in California found that mothers' PTSD symptoms were linked to their children's experiences of anxiety and depression. This evidence suggests that ______.

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that trauma can be transmitted intergenerationally and may take generations to overcome. This is shown by the link between the mothers' PTSD symptoms and their children's experiences of anxiety and depression. The study does not provide evidence to support options A, C, or D.

Question 17

______ is defined as a sense of obligation to and connectedness with both one's immediate and extended family.

Accepted Answer

Familismo is the sense of obligation to and connectedness with both one's immediate and extended family.

Question 18

Factors such as feeling pride in one's identity, recognizing oppression, and developing strong relationships within one's family and community promote ______.

Accepted Answer

The factors mentioned in the question promote resilience, which refers to the ability to overcome adversity and thrive despite challenging circumstances. Intersectionality is a concept that recognizes the interconnectedness of different forms of oppression and discrimination, but it is not promoted by these factors. Ethnic group labels and ethnocentrism are related to identity, but they are not necessarily promoted by feeling pride in one's identity and developing strong relationships within one's community.

Question 19

In the case of a woman in the United States with very dark skin, 50% of her ancestors may be of African heritage and 50% of European heritage. The existence of people like her renders race as a biological concept ______.

Accepted Answer

The existence of individuals with mixed ancestry, like the woman described in the question, demonstrates that race cannot be viewed as a clear-cut biological concept. Instead, race is a social construct and a product of historical and cultural factors, rather than just biological factors. Therefore, the concept of race is rendered useless as a clear guide to understanding an individual's ancestry or identity.

Question 20

According to a study of Khmer refugee women, ______.

Accepted Answer

The study of Khmer refugee women found that many of them had experienced war-related trauma such as rape and torture.

Quiz 4: The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity