Question 1

Which area has mixed reviews as being related to outcomes of adolescents who show low levels of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Delinquency has mixed reviews in terms of outcomes for adolescents who show low levels of moral reasoning. Some studies suggest that low levels of moral reasoning are associated with higher levels of delinquent behavior, while others suggest that this relationship is not significant or consistent. The other areas listed (cognition, depression, and anxiety) may also be related to moral reasoning in adolescents, but they are not mentioned as having mixed reviews in this context.

Question 2

What percentage of students drop out of high school each year?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of students who drop out of high school each year in the United States is approximately 6%. This figure can vary based on different sources and methodologies for calculation, but it is a commonly cited statistic.

Question 3

Adolescents' ethical development influences behaviors they label as ______.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents' ethical development influences the moral decisions they make, which are actions or choices that they consider to be right or wrong based on their personal beliefs and values about fairness, justice, and good conduct. Social conventions refer to customary norms and conventional rules of behavior that are widely accepted and followed by society, while personal issues and unchangeable issues do not necessarily involve ethical considerations.

Question 4

In collectivist cultures, which stage of reasoning is considered to be an advanced form of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, stage 3 reasoning is considered an advanced form of reasoning because it emphasizes the importance of interdependence, relationships, and maintaining social harmony. This aligns well with collectivist values that prioritize the well-being of the group over individual needs.

Question 5

If the organization and characteristics of middle school fail to fit young adolescents' needs, there is little ______.

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights the importance of stage-environment fit, which involves structuring the school environment to meet the developmental needs of young adolescents. Without this fit, other factors such as student-driven focus, student-teacher balance, and academic-social match may not effectively support their growth and development.

Question 6

In terms of school attendance, severe peer victimization, health problems, and family instability are examples of ______.

Accepted Answer

Severe peer victimization, health problems, and family instability are all significant stressors that can cause students to drop out of school. These issues can be difficult for students to manage and may lead to absences, disengagement from school, and ultimately dropping out.

Question 7

The GED exam is a ______.

Accepted Answer

The GED exam is a high school equivalency test, designed for individuals who did not complete high school to demonstrate their knowledge and skills equivalent to a high school graduate. It is not a college entrance test, test for vocational aptitude, or test for cognitive development.

Question 8

The students most vulnerable to a mismatch between developmental needs and school resources are ones who are ______.

Accepted Answer

Students from low-income families are more likely to attend schools with limited resources and may not receive the necessary support for their developmental needs, leading to a mismatch. High academic achievers may not face a mismatch as they may receive appropriate academic challenges, socially oriented students may find their needs met through social opportunities, and artistically oriented students may have access to arts programs in their schools.

Question 9

Which factor is most important to a high schooler's academic achievement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor is most important to a...

Question 10

Which statement describes school transitions?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that academic motivation and achievement often suffer during school transitions, including moving from elementary to middle school or middle to high school. The other options are either incorrect or too generalized.

Question 11

Mike's father is very harsh and punishes him when he gets poor grades, then tells Mike he has to figure out on his own how to improve. Mike is continuing to struggle in school. What parenting style does his father exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Mike's father exhibits an authoritarian parenting style which is characterized by strict rules, harsh punishment, and little to no communication or explanation. This style is associated with lower academic achievement and poorer mental health outcomes in children.

Question 12

Better academic achievement and better emotional health are shown in adolescents who report ______.

Accepted Answer

High levels of teacher support have been consistently linked with better academic achievement and emotional health in adolescents. Autonomy over class work can also be beneficial, but it may not always be possible or practical for teachers to provide this for every student. Teachers who focus primarily on classroom control may create a negative learning environment and may not be supportive of students' emotional well-being. Parents with permissive parenting styles may actually be detrimental to academic achievement and emotional health in their children.

Question 13

Which student is most at risk for school dropout?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy, who uses marijuana every day, is most at risk for school dropout due to substance abuse, which can lead to poor academic performance and disengagement from school.

Question 14

The fact that people of different cultures are able to reason using both care and justice orientations shows that the development of moral reasoning progresses in which manner across cultures?

Accepted Answer

The fact that people of different cultures are able to reason using both care and justice orientations suggests that the development of moral reasoning progresses similarly across cultures. This supports the idea of universal moral principles and developmental stages that are consistent across different societies. Linear, random, or rigid development would not account for this consistency across cultures.

Question 15

Which parenting style is most supportive of a child's academic performance and motivation?

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style, characterized by warmth, high expectations, and clear rules and consequences, has been shown to be most supportive of a child's academic performance and motivation. This style promotes independence and self-discipline, while also providing emotional support and guidance. In contrast, authoritarian parenting can lead to anxiety and a fear of failure, while permissive and uninvolved styles lack the structure and guidance necessary for academic success.

Question 16

Who is most likely to experience the most difficulty with a school transition?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that students of color, particularly Black and Hispanic students, may experience more difficulty transitioning to a new school, especially if the new school has a different racial/ethnic makeup than their previous school. Therefore, Jamal, an African American boy moving to a predominantly white non-Hispanic high school, is most likely to experience the most difficulty with the transition.

Question 17

Middle-school classrooms are characterized by ______.

Accepted Answer

Middle-school classrooms are characterized by a greater emphasis on teacher control, as students are still transitioning from being in elementary school and require more structure and guidance in their learning. While there may be some opportunities for student decision making, it is not the primary characteristic of middle-school classrooms. Evaluations of academic performance are frequent in middle school to ensure students are on track for high school and beyond.

Question 18

When adolescents coordinate moral, conventional, and personal concepts, they are more likely to act in ways ______.

Accepted Answer

When adolescents coordinate moral, conventional, and personal concepts, they are able to understand and act based on their own beliefs and values, rather than simply following societal norms or peer pressure. This can lead to behavior that is more in line with their personal morality and values.

Question 19

Which factor is an important mediator to academic motivation and performance?

Accepted Answer

Close parent-adolescent relationships have been found to have a significant impact on academic motivation and performance. Studies have shown that students with close relationships with their parents exhibit higher levels of academic achievement, engagement, and motivation. By providing emotional support, setting high expectations, and actively participating in their child's academic pursuits, parents can significantly influence their child's academic success.

Question 20

Parent-school involvement in middle school has been shown to predict ______.

Accepted Answer

Parent-school involvement in middle school has been shown to predict 10th-grade students' grade point average, according to research. Students whose parents are involved in their schooling perform better academically, and this effect seems to be especially strong in middle school.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence