Question 1

Which factor is unnecessary to process and comprehend irony in middle childhood?
A) prior experience conversing with the person
B) understanding intonation
C) evaluating facial expression
D) ability to determine if the statement matches the situation

Accepted Answer

Prior experience conversing with the person is not necessary to process and comprehend irony in middle childhood. While familiarity with the speaker may facilitate understanding of their communication style and preferences, it is not a requirement for comprehending irony. The other factors listed - understanding intonation, evaluating facial expression, and ability to determine if the statement matches the situation - are all important for processing and comprehending irony.

Question 2

Most English-speaking children find passive-voice sentences difficult to understand and therefore master them when in relation to other structures?
A) before
B) never
C) concurrently
D) later

Accepted Answer

Most English-speaking children find passive-voice sentences more challenging than other structures and tend to master them later in their language development.

Question 3

While schoolchildren's cognitive abilities enable them to learn in more sophisticated way, their understanding of logic is ______.
A) concrete
B) abstract
C) undiscernible
D) immeasurable

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, schoolchildren's understanding of logic is described as "concrete."

Question 4

How old are children when they become capable of recognizing irony?
A) 5-6
B) 3-4
C) 7-8
D) 9-10

Accepted Answer

Children typically begin to understand and recognize irony around the ages of 5 to 6.

Question 5

Children in middle childhood are better able to change their speech in response to the needs of listeners because they are more ______.
A) likely to be reinforced for speaking correctly
B) attuned to modeling adult speech
C) cognitively developed in perspective-taking skills
D) exposed to language differences in reading

Accepted Answer

Perspective-taking skills refer to the ability to understand and take into account the thoughts, feelings, and perspectives of another person. This ability to consider another person's perspective is important when choosing appropriate language to use when communicating with others. Children in middle childhood are more cognitively developed in perspective-taking skills, which enables them to adapt their communication to the needs of different listeners.

Question 6

Which statement describes language development in middle childhood?
A) Experience with language and exposure to complex constructions influence grammatical development.
B) Most complex words require acquisition of conceptual knowledge in a single exposure.
C) Children in this age are cognitively incapable of understanding similes and metaphors.
D) Pragmatics is the term used to teach grammar in a formal setting such as elementary schools.

Accepted Answer

Experience and exposure to complex language structures have a significant impact on grammatical development during middle childhood. Children also continue to expand their vocabulary and comprehension of figurative language, such as similes and metaphors. However, pragmatics refers to the social and cultural rules governing language use, not the teaching of grammar in schools.

Question 7

The understanding that words can be used in more than one way leads 8- to 10-year-old to understand ______.
A) similes and metaphors
B) complex sentence structure
C) sarcasm and syntax
D) foreign languages

Accepted Answer

The understanding that words can be used in more than one way is key to understanding similes and metaphors, which rely on figures of speech and comparisons between different objects or ideas. Complex sentence structure, sarcasm, syntax, and foreign languages are all advanced language concepts that may require further development and instruction beyond the age range specified in the question.

Question 8

Will uses curse words when he is hanging out with his friends, but he would never use a curse word in front of his grandma or his teacher. Will understands ______.
A) distributive justice
B) pragmatics
C) grammar
D) selective attention

Accepted Answer

Will is showing an understanding of pragmatics, which is the study of how language is used in social situations and how context affects meaning. He knows that using curse words may be appropriate and acceptable in certain social settings, but not in others, and is adjusting his language accordingly.

Question 9

The result of the current method of mathematics instruction is that ______.
A) proficiency has decreased over the last two decades
B) proficiency has increased over the last two decades
C) teachers have more difficulty implementing the approaches
D) teachers are unhappy with the scope of the approaches

Accepted Answer

The answer of The result of the current method of...

Question 10

Bridget was expected to memorize rules the sounds of each letter to sound out words. Her teachers drilled her on words and sound patterns. What type of reading method did her school use?
A) inclusive method
B) immersion method
C) whole-language approach
D) phonics instruction

Accepted Answer

Bridget's school used phonics instruction, which emphasizes the letter-sound relationships in order to help students decode words.

Question 11

Vocabulary usage in middle childhood includes that children ______.
A) become less selective in their use of words
B) learn that many words with slightly different meaning can describe an action
C) have difficulty in choosing which words to use in the right context
D) Fail to appreciate that some words have both psychological and physical meanings

Accepted Answer

Middle childhood is a period of vocabulary expansion where children learn that there are many words with slightly different meanings that can describe an action, phenomenon or idea. This helps to increase their vocabulary and ability to communicate in a more nuanced and effective way.

Question 12

Kendra is very polite to her teacher and her mother. When she speaks to her younger brother, she tends to be rude and condescending. She is much nicer to him when her mother and father are present than when they are alone. Kendra understands ______.
A) distributive justice
B) syntax
C) pragmatics
D) selective attention

Accepted Answer

The scenario described involves the use of language in different contexts, which is a key aspect of pragmatics. Kendra's behavior indicates that she is aware of social norms and expectations of politeness but selectively chooses to deviate when speaking to her brother alone. Distributive justice pertains to the fair distribution of resources and rewards, syntax refers to the grammatical structure of language, and selective attention involves filtering out certain stimuli in the environment.

Question 13

The language of the Inuit children of Arctic Canada emphasizes full passives so they produce passive voice sentences in their language sooner than other children. Which influence on language development does this illustrate?
A) economic
B) genetic
C) cultural
D) creativity

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on full passives in the language of Inuit children illustrates the influence of culture on language development. This is because the language spoken by a child's community and family plays a significant role in shaping the child's language acquisition and use.

Question 14

What percentage of U.S. children are retained in a grade at least once between kindergarten and 8th grade?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, approximately 10% of U.S. children are retained in a grade at least once between kindergarten and 8th grade.

Question 15

Lindsay has poor reading skills, which means her social development will involve ______.
A) her poor vocabulary making it more difficult for her to communicate with her peers
B) her peer relationships remaining unaffected since she will still understand pragmatics
C) being held back in grade level and therefore making it difficult for her to maintain friendships
D) being placed in a special language class which fosters positive peer relationships

Accepted Answer

Poor reading skills often lead to a limited vocabulary, which can make it more difficult for someone to communicate with their peers.

Question 16

Lessons and drills that emphasize learning the patterns of sound combinations in words is called ______.
A) whole-language approach
B) phonics instruction
C) metalinguistic awareness
D) multiple intelligences theory

Accepted Answer

Phonics instruction focuses on teaching the relationships between sounds and letters, including learning the patterns of sound combinations in words. Whole-language approach emphasizes the meaning and context of words rather than the sound patterns, metalinguistic awareness is the ability to analyze language as a system, and multiple intelligences theory is an approach to understanding different ways in which individuals learn and process information.

Question 17

The current view of mathematics curriculum involves ______.
A) rote learning, such as drills, memorization of number facts, and completion of workbooks
B) students working on their own to solve problems in a project-based learning approach
C) the involvement of parents into education to provide students role models and a practical approach
D) an emphasis on concepts, problem solving, estimating, and probability, as well as social involvement

Accepted Answer

The current view of mathematics curriculum involves an emphasis on concepts, problem solving, estimating, and probability, as well as social involvement. This approach is more focused on developing critical thinking and analytical skills rather than rote learning. It also recognizes the importance of involving students in real-world problems and encouraging social interaction within the classroom.

Question 18

Which example is a statement a child around the age of 8 would make?
A) I was so tired after I runned home.
B) I would have picked up my clothes if I wanted to.
C) I already did that.
D) I feed dog.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which example is a statement a child...

Question 19

Which approach to teaching reading and writing has research found to be the most effective?
A) inclusive method
B) immersion method
C) whole-language approach
D) phonics instruction

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that phonics instruction, which emphasizes the relationship between letters and sounds, is the most effective approach to teaching reading and writing. This approach helps children decode words and become better spellers. While the other approaches listed may have some benefits, phonics instruction has the strongest research support.

Question 20

In which approach do children learn to read and write through trial-and-error discovery that is similar to how they learn to speak?
A) inclusive method
B) immersion method
C) whole-language approach
D) phonics instruction

Accepted Answer

The whole-language approach emphasizes that children learn to read and write in the same way they learn to speak, through trial-and-error discovery and immersion in meaningful, authentic activities. This approach emphasizes the use of authentic literature and writing opportunities in the classroom, and de-emphasizes explicit phonics instruction.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Which factor is unnecessary to process and comprehend irony in middle childhood?

Most English-speaking children find passive-voice sentences difficult to understand and therefore master them when in relation to other structures?

While schoolchildren's cognitive abilities enable them to learn in more sophisticated way, their understanding of logic is ______.

How old are children when they become capable of recognizing irony?

Children in middle childhood are better able to change their speech in response to the needs of listeners because they are more ______.

Which statement describes language development in middle childhood?

The understanding that words can be used in more than one way leads 8- to 10-year-old to understand ______.

Will uses curse words when he is hanging out with his friends, but he would never use a curse word in front of his grandma or his teacher. Will understands ______.

The result of the current method of mathematics instruction is that ______.

Bridget was expected to memorize rules the sounds of each letter to sound out words. Her teachers drilled her on words and sound patterns. What type of reading method did her school use?

Vocabulary usage in middle childhood includes that children ______.

Kendra is very polite to her teacher and her mother. When she speaks to her younger brother, she tends to be rude and condescending. She is much nicer to him when her mother and father are present than when they are alone. Kendra understands ______.

The language of the Inuit children of Arctic Canada emphasizes full passives so they produce passive voice sentences in their language sooner than other children. Which influence on language development does this illustrate?

What percentage of U.S. children are retained in a grade at least once between kindergarten and 8th grade?

Lindsay has poor reading skills, which means her social development will involve ______.

Lessons and drills that emphasize learning the patterns of sound combinations in words is called ______.

The current view of mathematics curriculum involves ______.

Which example is a statement a child around the age of 8 would make?

Which approach to teaching reading and writing has research found to be the most effective?

In which approach do children learn to read and write through trial-and-error discovery that is similar to how they learn to speak?