Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to be used in product-use testing?
A) A focused prototype
B) A comprehensive prototype
C) A conceptual prototype
D) An ideational prototype

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive prototype is most likely to be used in product-use testing because it provides a complete model that includes all the functions and features of the product, allowing for thorough testing in real-world scenarios.

Question 2

Derivative products:
A) always cost about the same to manufacture as the products they're derived from.
B) offer lesser value to users, incur higher costs during development, and put a strain on a company's resources.
C) are products based on the same platform as an existing product, but modified in terms of technology or customer need fulfillment.
D) are completely original and share no similarities with any of the other products in a firm.

Accepted Answer

Derivative products are based on an existing product, but are modified in terms of technology or customer need fulfillment. This means they build upon the existing platform and are not completely original like option D. Option A is not necessarily true as the cost of manufacturing a derivative product may vary depending on the modifications made. Option B is not accurate as derivative products can offer equal or greater value to users and may not necessarily incur higher development costs.

Question 3

In the context of prototype development, a fully functioning, full-size product essentially ready to be examined by potential customers would be best described as a _____ prototype.
A) comprehensive
B) focused
C) limited
D) modified

Accepted Answer

A comprehensive prototype is a fully functioning, full-size product that closely resembles the final product and is ready for examination by potential customers. It is the most advanced stage of prototype development and represents a near-final version of the product. Focused and limited prototypes are earlier stages of development, while a modified prototype implies changes made to an existing prototype rather than a fully functional version.

Question 4

Automobile companies often create full-size clay models in order to extract consumer reactions to proposed styling alternatives. Such models would be best described as _____ prototypes.
A) across-the-board
B) all-inclusive
C) comprehensive
D) focused

Accepted Answer

Focused prototypes are created with the specific aim of gathering feedback on particular aspects of a product, such as its styling, which is the case with the full-size clay models used by automobile companies.

Question 5

With reference to the product architecture process, the product is arranged in a variety of configurations through simulations, computer-aided designing, or other techniques in order to find the "best" solutions during the process of:
A) analyzing interactions between chunks.
B) creating the product schematics.
C) creating geometric layouts.
D) clustering the schematic elements.

Accepted Answer

Creating geometric layouts involves arranging the product in various configurations through simulations, computer-aided designing, or other techniques to identify the most optimal solutions. This process is crucial for understanding how different parts of the product will fit and work together in the final design.

Question 6

Flyto Co., a Japanese automobile manufacturing company, recently introduced two new car models in America. These models were developed using the same platform as one of Flyto's existing models, but were modified incrementally in terms of technology. Flyto's latest products are examples of:
A) breakthrough products.
B) derivative products.
C) counterfeit products.
D) innovative products.

Accepted Answer

The new car models introduced by Flyto Co. are developed using the same platform as one of their existing models but with incremental modifications in technology. This makes them derivative products.

Question 7

Which of the following is the final step in the process for product architecture?
A) Creating the geometric layout
B) Checking the interactions between chunks
C) Creating the product schematic
D) Clustering the schematic elements

Accepted Answer

Checking the interactions between chunks is the final step in the process for product architecture. This step ensures that all parts of the product work together as intended.

Question 8

With regard to the process of product architecture, the _____ shows the components and functional elements of the product and how they are interconnected.
A) prototype
B) product schematic
C) geometric layout
D) product protocol

Accepted Answer

A product schematic shows the components and functional elements of the product and how they are interconnected. A prototype is a working model of the product, a geometric layout is a two-dimensional representation of the product's design, and a product protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for the development and use of the product.

Question 9

_____ prototypes are used in probe-and-learn ("lickety-stick") product development in the development of new-to-the-world products.
A) Focused
B) Comprehensive
C) Conceptual
D) Ideational

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ prototypes are used in probe-and-learn ("lickety-stick")...

Question 10

Firms that are concerned with or seek to promote environmental concerns are most likely to employ design for _____.
A) disassembly
B) ergonomics
C) visual equity
D) ease of manufacture

Accepted Answer

Design for disassembly is a strategy that aims to promote environmental sustainability by making it easier to recycle and dispose of products at the end of their life cycle. By designing products with components that can easily be disassembled and separated for recycling, firms can reduce waste and promote a circular economy. Therefore, firms concerned with environmental concerns are most likely to employ design for disassembly.

Question 11

Chunks (or modules) are defined during which of the following steps of the product architecture process?
A) Analyzing interactions between chunks
B) Creating the product schematics
C) Creating geometric layouts
D) Clustering the schematic elements

Accepted Answer

Clustering the schematic elements is where chunks (or modules) are defined in the product architecture process.

Question 12

Ergonomics can be best defined as studying:
A) human characteristics in order to develop appropriate designs.
B) unmet customer needs with the help of perceptual gap mapping.
C) potential target markets to identify the most profitable market segment.
D) the life cycle of a product to develop suitable marketing strategies for each phase.

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics is the study of human characteristics, such as physical, cognitive, and emotional, in relation to their interactions with products, environments, and systems. This helps in developing appropriate designs that are user-friendly, safe, and efficient. B, C, and D are not related to the concept of ergonomics.

Question 13

Which of the following is the first step in the process for product architecture?
A) Clustering the schematic elements
B) Creating the product schematic
C) Creating the geometric layout
D) Checking interactions between chunks

Accepted Answer

Creating the product schematic is the first step in the product architecture process. This involves identifying the key components and subsystems of the product and developing a high-level plan for how they will fit together to achieve the desired functionality. Once the product schematic is in place, the other steps of the process, such as clustering the schematic elements and creating the geometric layout, can be carried out to further refine the design. Checking interactions between chunks is also an important step, but this typically comes later in the process once the basic architecture has been established.

Question 14

Macolla, a cosmetic manufacturing company, manufactures its latest brand of women's perfume, Ella, in translucent pink bottles. The design engineers believe that the elegant appearance of the perfume bottles will attract more of their target customers. Identify the factor that was most likely being considered by the company's engineers when deciding on the appropriateness of the design.
A) Quality of the user interface
B) Maintenance and repair
C) Appropriate use of resources
D) Emotional appeal

Accepted Answer

The factor that is most likely being considered by the company's engineers when deciding on the appropriateness of the design is emotional appeal. The elegant appearance of the perfume bottles is intended to appeal to the target customers' emotions and attract them to the product.

Question 15

The process by which a customer's need is developed into a product design is called _____.
A) product differentiation
B) product architecture
C) product positioning
D) product validation

Accepted Answer

The process by which a customer's need is developed into a product design is called product architecture. Product differentiation refers to making a product different from others in similar markets. Product positioning refers to the way a product is positioned in the market relative to competitors. Product validation refers to the process of testing and verifying that a product meets customer needs and technical requirements. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 16

The engineers of a cellphone manufacturing company worked hard on the springs and ball bearings of their cell phones, just to get the sound of the cell phone lid closing right. They knew that a solid "thud" was more attractive to customers than a cheap "click." Identify the factor that was most likely being considered by the company's engineers when deciding on the appropriateness of the design.
A) Appropriate use of resources
B) Emotional appeal
C) Maintenance and repair
D) Quality of the user interface

Accepted Answer

The engineers were most likely considering emotional appeal by ensuring that the sound of the cell phone lid closing was solid and attractive to customers.

Question 17

DarkBerry Inc., a cellphone manufacturer, manufactures products that share common design features that make them unique, yet at the same time familiar. All of DarkBerry's cellphones have a sleek appearance and an elegant design. DarkBerry's products can be best described as being designed:
A) for the environment.
B) to build or support corporate identity.
C) for ease of manufacture.
D) for price promotion.

Accepted Answer

The common design features that make DarkBerry's products unique yet familiar suggest that they are designed to build or support corporate identity.

Question 18

A(n) _____ is a prototype that examines a limited number of performance attributes or features.
A) focused prototype
B) consolidated prototype
C) comprehensive prototype
D) ambivalent prototype

Accepted Answer

A focused prototype is a type of prototype that examines specific performance attributes or features. It is useful in early stages of development to test specific aspects of a product before creating a more comprehensive prototype. The other options are not accurate definitions of prototype types.

Question 19

The "release" of a comprehensive prototype to potential users for testing in a real usage situation that may support further product improvement is called _____ testing.
A) opportunity
B) concept
C) product-use
D) pre-purchase

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is a product-use testing, as it involves real users testing a comprehensive prototype in a real usage situation to identify areas of improvement for the product. Options A (opportunity testing) and B (concept testing) are not relevant to the given scenario, and D (pre-purchase testing) is not accurate as it refers to testing conducted before a purchase is made by a customer.

Question 20

Velvo Inc., an automobile manufacturing company, designs its products in such a way that they can be easily dismantled after use for recycling. The used plastic parts are sorted and recycled to make new parts. Other components are either recycled or rebuilt, while unusable parts are incinerated to create energy. In this scenario, Velvo's cars can be best described as being designed:
A) for the environment.
B) for ease of manufacture.
C) to build or support corporate identity.
D) for differentiation.

Accepted Answer

Velvo's cars are designed with a focus on the environment by being easily dismantled and having their parts sorted and recycled to reduce waste and energy usage.

Quiz 11: Design

Which of the following is most likely to be used in product-use testing?

Derivative products:

In the context of prototype development, a fully functioning, full-size product essentially ready to be examined by potential customers would be best described as a _____ prototype.

Automobile companies often create full-size clay models in order to extract consumer reactions to proposed styling alternatives. Such models would be best described as _____ prototypes.

With reference to the product architecture process, the product is arranged in a variety of configurations through simulations, computer-aided designing, or other techniques in order to find the "best" solutions during the process of:

Flyto Co., a Japanese automobile manufacturing company, recently introduced two new car models in America. These models were developed using the same platform as one of Flyto's existing models, but were modified incrementally in terms of technology. Flyto's latest products are examples of:

Which of the following is the final step in the process for product architecture?

With regard to the process of product architecture, the _____ shows the components and functional elements of the product and how they are interconnected.

_____ prototypes are used in probe-and-learn ("lickety-stick") product development in the development of new-to-the-world products.

Firms that are concerned with or seek to promote environmental concerns are most likely to employ design for _____.

Chunks (or modules) are defined during which of the following steps of the product architecture process?

Ergonomics can be best defined as studying:

Which of the following is the first step in the process for product architecture?

The process by which a customer's need is developed into a product design is called _____.

DarkBerry Inc., a cellphone manufacturer, manufactures products that share common design features that make them unique, yet at the same time familiar. All of DarkBerry's cellphones have a sleek appearance and an elegant design. DarkBerry's products can be best described as being designed:

A(n) _____ is a prototype that examines a limited number of performance attributes or features.

The "release" of a comprehensive prototype to potential users for testing in a real usage situation that may support further product improvement is called _____ testing.