Question 1

The difference between the earnings of women who work full-time year-round as a group and those of men who work full-time year-round as a group is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The gender wage gap specifically refers to the difference in earnings between women who work full-time year-round and men who work full-time year-round. Indirect labor costs refer to other expenses related to employing workers, human capital refers to the skills and knowledge a worker possesses, and gender segregation refers to the concentration of men and women in different occupations or industries.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of pay within occupations?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even when controlling for factors such as rank, age, and specialty, female physicians make less than their male counterparts. This phenomenon is known as the gender pay gap within occupations. It is important to note that pay gaps can vary greatly by occupation and industry, and there are some fields where women outearn their male peers (but B is not a correct option). Choice A is incorrect because, on average, women earn less than men in most occupational categories. Choice D is also incorrect because, although men in nursing do earn higher salaries than women on average, they still earn less overall due to the predominance of women in the field.

Question 3

What landmark legislation required gender equity for men and women in every educational program receiving federal funding?

Accepted Answer

Title IX is the landmark legislation that required gender equity for men and women in every educational program receiving federal funding. The other options (A, B, and C) are important in their own right but do not specifically address gender equity in education.

Question 4

Factors that highlight reasons that women or men may prefer a certain occupation are referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Labor supply factors refer to the characteristics and preferences of workers that influence their decision to enter and stay in certain occupations. These factors may include personal interests, values, skills, education, and family responsibilities, which can differ by gender and affect occupational choices.

Question 5

The cost in time, training, or money incurred when an employee takes off time to care for a sick family member is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Indirect labor costs refer to expenses incurred due to the absence of an employee. This could include sick leave taken to care for a family member, which would result in lost productivity and potentially the need to hire temporary replacement labor. Human capital refers to the value of an employee's skills and knowledge, cultural capital refers to the social knowledge and resources an individual possesses, and social costs refer to costs incurred by society as a whole.

Question 6

Why does gender occupational segregation exist and persist?

Accepted Answer

Gender occupational segregation exists and persists because society continues to stereotype certain occupations as being male or female. These stereotypes can affect the way employers hire and promote workers, as well as the way individuals self-select into certain fields. Even when labor demand and supply factors suggest that women and men could perform equally well in a given occupation, gender stereotypes can lead to occupational segregation.

Question 7

The concentration of men and women in certain occupations is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Occupational segregation by gender refers to the concentration of men and women in certain jobs and industries due to social and cultural norms, not just labor demand factors. The glass ceiling refers specifically to the barriers that prevent women from advancing to top positions in the workforce, while the gender wage gap refers to the difference in pay between men and women.

Question 8

Which of the following is a factor that explains the gender wage gap?

Accepted Answer

The factor that explains the gender wage gap is that women are still associated with the roles of wife and mother, resulting in social and cultural biases that limit their opportunities and potential earnings. The other options are not significant factors explaining the gender wage gap.

Question 9

Women applying for a job at a construction firm notice that the employer pays little attention to their applications and seems hesitant to set up interviews with them.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Occupational segregation by gender refers to the phenomenon where certain jobs or industries are dominated by one gender, leading to gender-based discrimination in hiring and promotion practices. In this scenario, the construction industry might be seen as a traditionally male-dominated field, leading to discrimination against female applicants.

Question 10

______ made unequal pay for equal work illegal.

Accepted Answer

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made unequal pay for equal work illegal, stating that men and women in the same workplace must receive equal pay for equal work.

Question 11

Sam is the hiring manager at a drywall company.He is hiring two to three new employees.Sam decides to hire all new male employees even though women applied.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sam is the hiring manager at a...

Question 12

The ideology that states that women's sexual organs are more important than their brains is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term "brain-womb conflict" refers to the outdated and sexist ideology that prioritizes women's reproductive organs over their intellectual capabilities, suggesting a conflict between the two in terms of importance or focus. This concept is rooted in historical biases that have sought to limit women's roles to reproduction and domestic spheres, undermining their intellectual and professional capacities.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of higher education and sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that lesbian women are less likely to complete college than heterosexual women, potentially due to discrimination and lack of support from the college community. The other options are not supported by research.

Question 14

Which of the following is one reason that women were discouraged from pursuing higher education in decades and centuries past?

Accepted Answer

Prominent doctors and professors in the past often argued that women's physical constitution, particularly their reproductive organs, made them unsuitable for the rigors of academic study. This was a commonly held belief that contributed to discouraging women from pursuing higher education.

Question 15

One of the goals of Title IX was to ______ women's access to athletic teams and academic clubs.

Accepted Answer

Title IX was designed to increase women's access to athletic teams and academic clubs, as well as to ensure that they receive the same opportunities as their male counterparts.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the glass escalator?

Accepted Answer

The glass escalator refers to the phenomenon where men in female-dominated occupations are more likely to be promoted to leadership positions than women. This is based on the assumption that men are naturally better suited to leadership roles, which is not a valid assumption. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it accurately describes this phenomenon. Option A is incorrect as the glass escalator benefits only men and not all men equally. Option B is incorrect as the promotion of men on the glass escalator is not based on their dissatisfaction with their current positions but rather on gender bias. Option D is incorrect as the glass escalator specifically refers to the promotion of men in female-dominated industries.

Question 17

A man with strong credentials in elementary education and experience working with young children was rejected for a first-grade teaching position in favor of a less qualified woman.He was rejected despite his greater ______.

Accepted Answer

This scenario highlights the concept of human capital, which refers to the knowledge, skills, and experience that an individual brings to a job. Despite having stronger credentials and experience working with young children, the man was rejected for the position in favor of a less qualified woman, indicating that the decision was not based on his human capital but possibly on other factors such as gender bias.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason for the college enrollment gap?

Accepted Answer

Studies show that women are more likely to view college as a means to an end, while men may be more hesitant to enroll because they perceive it as a more long-term commitment. This accounts for the enrollment gap between men and women. A and B are not supported by research, and D is not as significant a factor as the perception of college as a means to an end.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding gender and higher education?

Accepted Answer

Recent trends in higher education show that female bachelor's degree holders are increasing at a faster pace than their male counterparts. This reflects a significant shift in educational attainment patterns, where women are not only enrolling in higher education institutions in greater numbers but are also completing their degrees at higher rates.

Question 20

Which type of feminism seeks to challenge patriarchal norms and values in social relationships to achieve true equality?

Accepted Answer

Radical feminism seeks to challenge patriarchal norms and values in social relationships to achieve true equality by addressing issues such as reproductive rights, sexual violence, and gender-based discrimination. It views patriarchy as a system that benefits men at the expense of women and seeks to fundamentally transform society to eliminate this system. Socialist feminism also seeks to challenge patriarchal norms and values, but its focus is on the intersection of gender and economic oppression. Liberal feminism focuses on individual rights and seeks to achieve equality through legal and political reforms. Multicultural feminism emphasizes the intersection of gender with other forms of oppression, such as race and class, and seeks to incorporate diverse perspectives into feminist theory and activism.

Quiz 10: Gender and Society