Question 1

In studies of mock jurors' perceptions of sexual harassment cases, jurors focused on several features of the case when deciding on a verdict. These features include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The age of the victim is not typically a central focus for mock jurors in studies of perceptions of sexual harassment cases. Jurors are more concerned with the victim's character, the seriousness of the consequences suffered by the victim, and the company's response to the complaints.

Question 2

Anika has endured a regular barrage of sexist jokes and ridicule from some male colleagues in her predominantly male engineering department. She has been trying to ignore this harassment and tell herself that she does not care, that she will just focus on her work performance. This type of coping is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Internally focused coping involves managing one's internal emotional states and responses rather than trying to change the external situation. In this case, Anika is trying to manage her feelings and reactions to the harassment by telling herself she does not care and focusing on her work, rather than addressing or changing the external situation of the harassment itself.

Question 3

Psychologists' recommendations for reducing the incidence of sexual harassment at work include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Regularly interviewing female employees about their experiences, while potentially useful for understanding the scope of harassment, is not specifically recommended as a method to reduce the incidence of sexual harassment. Effective strategies focus on creating a respectful and inclusive environment, clear policies, and consequences for inappropriate behavior, rather than singling out female employees for interviews.

Question 4

In police hiring, certain requirements became illegal. The courts ruled that the following requirements constituted adverse impact on female applicants:

Accepted Answer

Height requirements have been ruled to have an adverse impact on female applicants because they disproportionately exclude women from being considered for positions, given that, on average, women are shorter than men. This ruling is based on the principle that such requirements should be closely related to the job's essential functions and not arbitrarily exclude segments of the population.

Question 5

According to the text, older judges generally rule in favor of the _____, whereas younger judges tend to rule in favor of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The text suggests a generational difference in judicial decisions, where older judges are more likely to rule in favor of the defendant, and younger judges tend to rule in favor of the plaintiff.

Question 6

As a result of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), discrimination based on which of the following characteristics is illegal?

Accepted Answer

The ADEA prohibits discrimination based on age, and the ADA prohibits discrimination based on disability. Additionally, other laws like the Civil Rights Act protect against discrimination based on race, national origin, gender, and religion, making all these characteristics legally protected.

Question 7

Courts have emphasized that employers have a responsibility to assure harassment is not part of their overall environment. This means that employers need to:

Accepted Answer

Employers are required to prevent and correct harassment in the workplace to ensure a safe and respectful environment for all employees.

Question 8

Unfortunately, the facts of a sexual harassment case are not the only things that determine the outcome. The text notes that it is often the character or perceived character of both parties that influences the outcome of a case. Making it even more complex is the influence of the judge. Among the personal characteristics that appear to make the most impact are the judge's:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unfortunately, the facts of a sexual harassment...

Question 9

Reasonable accommodations are required from employers to permit their employees to work effectively despite their disabilities. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), reasonable accommodations are required to be made:

Accepted Answer

Reasonable accommodations must be made unless they cause undue hardship to the employer's business, according to the ADA. This means adjustments or modifications are required to enable people with disabilities to have equal employment opportunities unless doing so would be too difficult or expensive in relation to the size, resources, nature, and structure of the employer's operation.

Question 10

Some courts have replaced a reasonable person standard with a reasonable woman standard when instructing juries in sexual harassment trials. All of the following concerns were raised by social scientists about the reasonable woman standard, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Research finding substantial differences between how males and females define harassment is not a concern raised about the reasonable woman standard; rather, it supports the rationale for having a different standard.

Question 11

Sexually harassing behaviors may be attributed to a range of motives, some of which are related to the job type. For example, positions considered to be traditionally held by women may contribute to harassment because they elicit protectiveness and _____. Conversely, for women in jobs historically held by men, the harassment is linked to _____ a female coworker.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sexually harassing behaviors may be attributed to...

Question 12

According to the text, legal, permissible sexual behavior in the workplace is _____ common than illegal sexual harassment. The cases that end up in court involve especially _____.

Accepted Answer

Legal, permissible sexual behavior in the workplace is much more common than illegal sexual harassment, but the cases that end up in court typically involve especially severe or prolonged harassment.

Question 13

The majority of harassment cases are _____ make it to court. Of those that go forward to court and are litigated, only about _____ of decisions are made in favor of the plaintiff, or the alleged victim.

Accepted Answer

The majority of harassment cases are not reported and do not make it to court. Of those that do go forward to court, only about a third of decisions are made in favor of the plaintiff.

Question 14

When an employer treats some workers less favorably as a result of an immutable personal characteristic like race or gender, such behavior constitutes a category of discrimination called:

Accepted Answer

Disparate treatment refers to intentional discrimination where individuals are treated less favorably because of characteristics such as race, gender, or other immutable personal traits. This contrasts with policies or practices that may unintentionally lead to unequal outcomes, known as adverse impact.

Question 15

Research has identified two basic forms of coping for victims of sexual harassment. One form of coping entails a victim either ignoring the harassment or blaming herself for bringing it on. This type of coping is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Internally focused coping involves the victim dealing with the harassment by internalizing the issue, either by ignoring it or blaming themselves, rather than addressing the external situation or seeking external support or change.

Question 16

Under current law, plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases must prove that _____ occurred and resulted in _____.

Accepted Answer

Plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases must prove that sexual harassment occurred and that it resulted in harm, which can encompass a wide range of negative outcomes, not limited to specific diagnoses or physical injuries.

Question 17

Ginger had been victimized by sexual harassment from her supervisor for over six months. She tried to appease the harasser, attempted to avoid him, but eventually filed an internal complaint. Her form of coping is known as:

Accepted Answer

Externally focused coping involves taking action to address the problem, such as filing a complaint, which Ginger did.

Question 18

A meta-analysis of several dozen studies that collected data from tens of thousands of people demonstrated that those who are targets of harassment develop a variety of symptoms. Their problems might include:

Accepted Answer

Harassment can lead to a wide range of negative outcomes, including physical symptoms (such as headaches or sleep disturbances), emotional distress (like depression or anxiety), and specific psychological conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The comprehensive impact of harassment encompasses all these aspects, making all the options correct.

Question 19

There are some practices that result in discrimination but may not look discriminatory at first glance. If a company only hires family members and family friends, it may systematically exclude some racial or ethnic groups inadvertently. This type of situation results in a category of discrimination called:

Accepted Answer

Adverse impact refers to practices that appear neutral but have a discriminatory effect on a protected group. Hiring only family members and friends can lead to such an impact by excluding diverse candidates not in those circles.

Question 20

Judges that have been appointed by a Democratic president tend to support _____ in sexual harassment cases.

Accepted Answer

Judges appointed by a Democratic president are generally perceived to be more liberal and are thus more likely to support plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases, as they often advocate for individual rights and protections.

Quiz 14: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

In studies of mock jurors' perceptions of sexual harassment cases, jurors focused on several features of the case when deciding on a verdict. These features include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Psychologists' recommendations for reducing the incidence of sexual harassment at work include all of the following, EXCEPT:

In police hiring, certain requirements became illegal. The courts ruled that the following requirements constituted adverse impact on female applicants:

According to the text, older judges generally rule in favor of the _, whereas younger judges tend to rule in favor of the _.

As a result of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) , discrimination based on which of the following characteristics is illegal?

Courts have emphasized that employers have a responsibility to assure harassment is not part of their overall environment. This means that employers need to:

Reasonable accommodations are required from employers to permit their employees to work effectively despite their disabilities. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) , reasonable accommodations are required to be made:

Some courts have replaced a reasonable person standard with a reasonable woman standard when instructing juries in sexual harassment trials. All of the following concerns were raised by social scientists about the reasonable woman standard, EXCEPT:

According to the text, legal, permissible sexual behavior in the workplace is _ common than illegal sexual harassment. The cases that end up in court involve especially _.

The majority of harassment cases are _ make it to court. Of those that go forward to court and are litigated, only about _ of decisions are made in favor of the plaintiff, or the alleged victim.

When an employer treats some workers less favorably as a result of an immutable personal characteristic like race or gender, such behavior constitutes a category of discrimination called:

Research has identified two basic forms of coping for victims of sexual harassment. One form of coping entails a victim either ignoring the harassment or blaming herself for bringing it on. This type of coping is referred to as:

Under current law, plaintiffs in sexual harassment cases must prove that _ occurred and resulted in _.

Ginger had been victimized by sexual harassment from her supervisor for over six months. She tried to appease the harasser, attempted to avoid him, but eventually filed an internal complaint. Her form of coping is known as:

A meta-analysis of several dozen studies that collected data from tens of thousands of people demonstrated that those who are targets of harassment develop a variety of symptoms. Their problems might include:

Judges that have been appointed by a Democratic president tend to support _____ in sexual harassment cases.