Question 1

Agent-based modeling is useful for

Accepted Answer

Agent-based modeling is a computational method used to simulate the interactions of autonomous agents (which can represent individuals, groups, or entities) to assess their effects on the system as a whole. It is particularly useful for understanding complex systems and phenomena such as the development of cultures, where individual and collective behaviors play a crucial role. The other options are not directly related to the primary purposes or capabilities of agent-based modeling.

Question 2

Dr.H wants to unpackage the cultural difference between Japanese and American horror movies.What is Dr.H trying to find out?

Accepted Answer

Dr.H is interested in understanding the underlying reasons for the cultural differences between Japanese and American horror movies, which involves exploring the foundational or root causes behind the distinctions in horror movie themes, narratives, and elements between the two cultures.

Question 3

Your new research project is to examine the extent to which a culture values freedom.You have decided that the simplest way to measure this is to use culture-level measures.As such, which of the following would you do?

Accepted Answer

Using the frequency of the word "freedom" in magazines is a culture-level measure as it reflects how often the concept is discussed or emphasized in cultural media, providing an indirect measure of the culture's value on freedom.

Question 4

Which type of experiment is most likely to lead participants to guess the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A within-groups study is more likely to lead participants to guess the hypothesis because each participant experiences all conditions of the experiment. This exposure can make the purpose of the study more transparent compared to other designs where participants are only exposed to a single condition, making it harder for them to infer the overall hypothesis.

Question 5

A strength of Nisbett and Cohen's research program into the impact of a culture of honor on regional differences in violence between the U.S.South and U.S.North is that

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and Cohen's research program is notable for its use of multiple methods across their studies, which strengthens the validity and reliability of their findings regarding the culture of honor and its impact on violence in the U.S. South compared to the North.

Question 6

An advantage of the situation-sampling method is that it

Accepted Answer

The answer of An advantage of the situation-sampling method is...

Question 7

Which of the following is most suitable for an agent-based model study?

Accepted Answer

Agent-based models are particularly suited for studying dynamic systems and how individual behaviors or interactions can lead to complex patterns over time. Shonda's study on environmental conditions and the evolution of cooperation fits this description, as it involves understanding how individual actions and environmental factors interact to produce emergent phenomena like cooperation.

Question 8

Which of the following is the most frequently used dimension in culture research?

Accepted Answer

Individualism-collectivism is the most frequently used dimension in culture research, as it distinguishes cultures based on the degree to which they foster individual or collective achievement and interpersonal relationships.

Question 9

Zhang wants to run an experiment on cultural priming.Reasoning that language can be used as a cultural prime, he asks all participants whether they prefer he ran their experimental session in English or in Chinese.Zhang tells his participants that either language is fine because he is bilingual.Zhang's crucial mistake is

Accepted Answer

Allowing participants to choose the language for the experiment could introduce a self-selection bias, where the choice of language might correlate with the cultural attitudes or identities being studied, potentially confounding the results.

Question 10

A failure to replicate a psychological phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A failure to replicate a psychological phenomenon may suggest that there are cultural factors affecting the phenomenon, indicating that the original findings might not generalize across different cultural contexts.

Question 11

You want to do a study to examine whether Greek participants are likely to experience more frequent and more severe threats to their honor than Chinese respondents, or vice versa.What is the most appropriate methodology for testing this?

Accepted Answer

Situation sampling is the most appropriate methodology for this study because it involves collecting situations from one culture, and then asking people from another culture to indicate how they would respond in those situations. This method allows for a direct comparison of cultural differences in perceptions and reactions to specific situations, which is ideal for examining differences in the frequency and severity of threats to honor between Greek and Chinese participants.

Question 12

________ is better for revealing the location of activation in the brain, whereas ________ is better for understanding the timing of activation.

Accepted Answer

fMRI is better for revealing the location of activation in the brain due to its ability to image brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. EEG, on the other hand, is better for understanding the timing of activation because it measures electrical activity in the brain, allowing researchers to track brain processes in real time.

Question 13

Abdul wants to study the culture of honor in the Southern versus Northern United States.He wants to see how fighting is portrayed in children's books from the two regions.He should

Accepted Answer

Keeping the coders blind to the origin of the book helps prevent bias in their coding, ensuring more objective results.

Question 14

You are having trouble publishing results from your latest study, but you remember reading that people are more easily convinced if there is neuroscientific evidence.To add neuroscience to your study, you decide to

Accepted Answer

Using fMRI data provides neuroscientific evidence, which can make findings appear more convincing to some audiences.

Question 15

Nisbett and Cohen's explanation for North-South differences in the United States is most persuasive because

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and Cohen's explanation is most persuasive because they employed a variety of methods to test their hypothesis, allowing for a more comprehensive and robust examination of the cultural differences between the North and South in the United States. This multi-method approach strengthens the validity of their findings.

Question 16

If you wanted to do a study using a within-groups manipulation to examine whether European Canadians can be made to think either like European Canadian or like Chinese respondents, which of the following would be the most relevant and appropriate methodology?

Accepted Answer

Priming independence or interdependence is the most relevant and appropriate methodology for a within-groups manipulation aimed at examining whether European Canadians can be made to think either like European Canadian or like Chinese respondents. This approach involves activating independent or interdependent self-construals in participants, which aligns with the goal of influencing participants to adopt a cognitive style characteristic of either European Canadians or Chinese respondents.

Question 17

As a cultural dimension, tightness-looseness refers to the degree

Accepted Answer

Tightness-looseness refers to the extent to which societies expect individuals to conform to social norms and regulations. Tight cultures have strict norms and low tolerance for deviant behavior, while loose cultures have more relaxed norms and a higher tolerance for deviation.

Question 18

A group of researchers wants to learn about the characteristics of home-cooking recipes in Culture X.What is this type of method an example of?

Accepted Answer

This method is an example of culture-level measuring because the researchers are studying and analyzing the characteristics of home-cooking recipes within a specific culture, Culture X.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of a culture-level measure?

Accepted Answer

A journal entry is considered an individual-level measure rather than a culture-level measure because it reflects the personal thoughts, experiences, or observations of an individual, rather than the shared values, norms, or practices of a larger group or society.

Question 20

The Human Relations Area Files

Accepted Answer

The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) are a database of ethnographic data from small-scale societies, providing detailed cultural information.

Quiz 4: Development and Socialization: How Do We Come to Learn a Culture