Question 1

There are four types of PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. These are: Transient Evidence, Pattern
Evidence, Conditional Evidence, and Transfer evidence.

Accepted Answer

The four types of physical evidence mentioned are commonly recognized categories in forensic science, each with distinct characteristics and roles in investigations.

Question 2

Transient Evidence is temporary in nature. Odors, imprints and indentations in soft of
changing materials (butter, snow, cheese)

Accepted Answer

Transient evidence is temporary and can be easily changed or lost; it often includes things like odors, imprints, and indentations in soft or changing materials.

Question 3

The application of Toluidine Blue, Methylene Blue, or Azure is an excellent procedure for
diagnosing abrasions, lacerations and other skin disruptions in the perineum and perianal areas.

Accepted Answer

Toluidine Blue, Methylene Blue, and Azure are vital dyes used in medical diagnostics to highlight areas of mucosal injury or disruption, such as abrasions and lacerations, making them more visible for examination, particularly in the perineum and perianal areas.

Question 4

Autoerotic fatalities are accidental deaths, which involve hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), fantasy, and solo sex?related activities. There may be evidence of cross dressing and/or bizarre rituals, including sophisticated sex paraphilias.

Accepted Answer

Autoerotic fatalities occur during sexual self-stimulation when an act intended to enhance pleasure, typically through oxygen deprivation, unintentionally leads to death. The presence of cross-dressing or unusual rituals can be part of the individual's sexual fantasies or paraphilias that are being explored during the act.

Question 5

Pattern Evidence is produced by contact. Blood splatter, glass fracture patterns, tire marks,
furniture position patters, etc.

Accepted Answer

Pattern evidence is indeed produced by contact between objects or substances, which leaves behind a distinctive pattern that can be analyzed, such as blood splatter, glass fracture patterns, tire marks, and the positioning of furniture. These patterns can provide crucial information in forensic investigations.

Question 6

In Gunshot Residue Testing (GSR), the most effective test to determine whether or not the subject handled a firearm is the:

Accepted Answer

The Atomic Absorption with Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) is the most effective test for Gunshot Residue Testing (GSR) because it allows for the detection and analysis of microscopic particles that are characteristic of gunshot residue, providing both qualitative and quantitative data about the elements present. This method is highly sensitive and specific for identifying the unique elemental composition of GSR.

Question 7

The DNA molecule is found in all living organisms. Therefore, there is fish DNA, frog DNA,
insect DNA, horse DNA, cow DNA, dog & cat DNA, plant DNA, etc.

Accepted Answer

DNA is the universal genetic material found in all living organisms, encoding the genetic instructions used in their development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

Question 8

Physical evidence refers to any tangible article, small or large, which tends to prove or disprove a
point in question. It may be used to reconstruct a crime, identify participants, or confirm or discredit an alibi.

Accepted Answer

Physical evidence encompasses any real, tangible object that can contribute to the investigation of a crime by helping to establish facts or relationships between elements within that crime. It can indeed be used to reconstruct events, identify individuals involved, or verify or refute alibis, making it a critical component of forensic science and criminal investigations.

Question 9

PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGES are minute blood clots which appear as small red dots in the conjunctivae, as well as certain internal serosal surfaces of the body. This petechia is
considered to be presumptive evidence of a throttling or strangulation death.

Accepted Answer

Petechial hemorrhages are indeed small red or purple spots on the body, often seen in the conjunctivae of the eyes, which can be indicative of asphyxia due to strangulation or smothering. They result from increased pressure in the capillaries causing them to burst, which can occur in cases of strangulation or other forms of asphyxiation.

Question 10

In Practical Homicide Investigation we recognize the importance of EVIDENCE.
Basically there are four types of evidence; PHYSICAL, TESTIMONIAL, DOCUMENTARY, and BEHAVIORAL.

Accepted Answer

These four types of evidence are fundamental in investigations, with each playing a crucial role in understanding the circumstances of a crime. Physical evidence includes tangible items, testimonial is witness accounts, documentary involves written or recorded materials, and behavioral pertains to actions or patterns that may indicate guilt or motive.

Question 11

The application of reagents to enhance biological fluids at the crime scene are extremely effective
in locating materials which are not visible to the naked eye.
One of the more effective reagents is Luminal.

Accepted Answer

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent. It is used by forensic investigators to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin.

Question 12

DNA is found in every nucleated cell of the human body. An example of some of the materials that
can be analyzed for DNA are as follows: Blood, semen with sperm, human tissue, hair with root,
spittle, urine, feces, bone marrow and dental pulp.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA is found in every nucleated cell...

Question 13

DNA testing relies on the integrity of the molecule. However, cross contamination of the material
(As in a multiple rape scenario) does not allow for DNA testing.

Accepted Answer

DNA testing can still be performed in cases of cross-contamination, such as in a multiple rape scenario, through the use of advanced forensic techniques to separate and analyze the DNA from different individuals.

Question 14

Hangings are always suicidal or accidental as in autoerotic fatalities.

Accepted Answer

Hangings can also be homicidal, where the act is carried out by another person with the intent to kill.

Question 15

DNA testing can be done within hours using a new cutting enzyme which produces light instead of
radioactivity. The process is called chemiluminescence.

Accepted Answer

Chemiluminescence is a process where light is produced through a chemical reaction without the need for radioactivity. This principle can be applied in DNA testing, where specific cutting enzymes can be used to target DNA sequences and generate a light signal, allowing for rapid analysis.

Question 16

If there is a limited amount of genetic material, DNA analysis can still be undertaken through a process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The basis of PCR is that it
mimics the cell's ability to replicate DNA.

Accepted Answer

PCR amplifies a specific segment of DNA, effectively creating millions of copies of that segment, allowing for detailed analysis even from very small amounts of starting material. This process mimics the natural DNA replication mechanism in cells.

Question 17

When the head strikes a fixed object (i.e. falls), the cerebral contusion will be more severe on the point of the brain which is contralateral from the skin damage. This is referred to as a
contrecoup injury.

Accepted Answer

A contrecoup injury occurs when the force of impact causes the brain to move and hit the opposite side of the skull, resulting in a contusion on the brain tissue opposite the site of impact.

Question 18

The pugilistic attitude or distorted position, which a body assumes in fire is caused by the contraction of the muscles due to the pain experienced from the heat of the fire.

Accepted Answer

The pugilistic attitude is caused by the contraction of muscles due to the dehydration and heat shrinkage, not directly by the pain experienced from the heat of the fire.

Question 19

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) establishes each and every person as genetically unique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) establishes each and every...

Question 20

Transfer Evidence is not produced by contact but by transfer as in the Theory of Transfer and
Exchange.

Accepted Answer

Transfer evidence is indeed produced by contact between two surfaces, which is the basis of the Theory of Transfer and Exchange, indicating that when two objects come into contact, there is an exchange of materials between them.

Quiz 1:Tactics, Procedures, and Forensic Techniques

There are four types of PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. These are: Transient Evidence, Pattern Evidence, Conditional Evidence, and Transfer evidence.

Transient Evidence is temporary in nature. Odors, imprints and indentations in soft of changing materials (butter, snow, cheese)

The application of Toluidine Blue, Methylene Blue, or Azure is an excellent procedure for diagnosing abrasions, lacerations and other skin disruptions in the perineum and perianal areas.

Autoerotic fatalities are accidental deaths, which involve hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), fantasy, and solo sex?related activities. There may be evidence of cross dressing and/or bizarre rituals, including sophisticated sex paraphilias.

Pattern Evidence is produced by contact. Blood splatter, glass fracture patterns, tire marks, furniture position patters, etc.

In Gunshot Residue Testing (GSR) , the most effective test to determine whether or not the subject handled a firearm is the:

The DNA molecule is found in all living organisms. Therefore, there is fish DNA, frog DNA, insect DNA, horse DNA, cow DNA, dog & cat DNA, plant DNA, etc.

Physical evidence refers to any tangible article, small or large, which tends to prove or disprove a point in question. It may be used to reconstruct a crime, identify participants, or confirm or discredit an alibi.

PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGES are minute blood clots which appear as small red dots in the conjunctivae, as well as certain internal serosal surfaces of the body. This petechia is considered to be presumptive evidence of a throttling or strangulation death.

In Practical Homicide Investigation we recognize the importance of EVIDENCE. Basically there are four types of evidence; PHYSICAL, TESTIMONIAL, DOCUMENTARY, and BEHAVIORAL.

The application of reagents to enhance biological fluids at the crime scene are extremely effective in locating materials which are not visible to the naked eye. One of the more effective reagents is Luminal.

DNA is found in every nucleated cell of the human body. An example of some of the materials that can be analyzed for DNA are as follows: Blood, semen with sperm, human tissue, hair with root, spittle, urine, feces, bone marrow and dental pulp.

DNA testing relies on the integrity of the molecule. However, cross contamination of the material (As in a multiple rape scenario) does not allow for DNA testing.

Hangings are always suicidal or accidental as in autoerotic fatalities.

DNA testing can be done within hours using a new cutting enzyme which produces light instead of radioactivity. The process is called chemiluminescence.

If there is a limited amount of genetic material, DNA analysis can still be undertaken through a process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The basis of PCR is that it mimics the cell's ability to replicate DNA.

When the head strikes a fixed object (i.e. falls), the cerebral contusion will be more severe on the point of the brain which is contralateral from the skin damage. This is referred to as a contrecoup injury.

The pugilistic attitude or distorted position, which a body assumes in fire is caused by the contraction of the muscles due to the pain experienced from the heat of the fire.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) establishes each and every person as genetically unique.

Transfer Evidence is not produced by contact but by transfer as in the Theory of Transfer and Exchange.