Question 1

Which radioactive particle has the greatest mass?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles have the greatest mass among the options given. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, making it significantly heavier than a beta particle (which is an electron or positron) or a gamma ray (which is a form of electromagnetic radiation with no mass).

Question 2

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Which radioactive particle has the highest ionizing power?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles have the highest ionizing power because they are heavy and carry a +2 charge, which allows them to ionize atoms and molecules in their path more effectively than beta or gamma radiation.

Question 4

Which radioactive particle is identical to an electron?

Accepted Answer

Beta particles are identical to electrons in terms of mass and charge. They are emitted during beta decay of a nucleus.

Question 5

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the element that correctly balances the...

Question 6

Which of the following is a background source of radiation?

Accepted Answer

Radon in the soil is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that contributes to background radiation, which is the radiation that people are exposed to from natural sources in their environment.

Question 7

What did Becquerel discover as a result of placing the mineral-photographic plate combination in a desk drawer?

Accepted Answer

Becquerel discovered radioactivity when he observed that uranium salts emitted rays that could expose photographic plates, even without exposure to sunlight, while they were stored in a dark drawer.

Question 8

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances...

Question 9

What type of radiation is most often used to kill cancer cells when the radiation is supplied externally?

Accepted Answer

Gamma radiation is most often used in external beam radiation therapy for cancer treatment because it has the ability to penetrate deeply into the body, targeting cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.

Question 10

Which of the following is not used to gauge the danger of a radioactive isotope?

Accepted Answer

The atomic mass of the isotope is not used to gauge the danger of a radioactive isotope. The danger is primarily assessed based on the type of radiation emitted, the dose of radiation, and the length of time of exposure, as these factors directly influence the biological impact of the radiation. Atomic mass, while fundamental to the identity of an isotope, does not directly inform on its radiological hazard.

Question 11

Determine the amount of nobelium-259 left after 50 mg of No-259 is observed for 4 hours. The half-life of No-259 is 1.0 hours.

Accepted Answer

The amount of No-259 left after 4 hours can be calculated using the formula:Amount remaining = Initial amount * (1/2)^(time/half-life)Plugging in the values, we get:Amount remaining = 50 mg * (1/2)^(4/1) = 3.13 mgTherefore, the correct answer is C) 3.13 mg.

Question 12

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the element that correctly balances the...

Question 13

If an unstable isotope to the right of the belt of stability undergoes beta decay, will it be closer to or farther away from the belt of stability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an unstable isotope to the right...

Question 14

Which type of reaction is most commonly used in power plants to produce electricity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of reaction is most commonly...

Question 15

Which radioactive particle has the highest penetrating power?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays have the highest penetrating power among the options listed, as they are electromagnetic radiation and can penetrate materials more deeply than alpha or beta particles, which are charged particles and are more easily stopped.

Question 16

True or false
-Carbon-14 dating can be used to determine the age of an igneous rock.

Accepted Answer

Carbon-14 dating is used to determine the age of once-living materials, not igneous rocks, which are dated using methods like uranium-lead dating.

Question 17

Determine the amount of polonium-210 left after 600 mg of Po-10 undergoes 10 half-lives.

Accepted Answer

After 10 half-lives, the amount of a radioactive substance is reduced to (1/2)^10 of its original amount. For 600 mg, this is 600 * (1/2)^10 = 600 * (1/1024) = 0.586 mg.

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphorescence?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately re-emit the radiation it absorbs. Instead, it emits light slowly, over time, after being energized or excited by exposure to light. This process involves the absorption of energy by electrons, elevating them to a higher energy state, and then the slow release of this energy as light as the electrons return to their ground state.

Question 19

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances...

Question 20

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances...

Quiz 12: Nuclear Chemistry: Energy, Medicine, Weapons, and Terrorism

Which radioactive particle has the greatest mass?

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Which radioactive particle has the highest ionizing power?

Which radioactive particle is identical to an electron?

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Which of the following is a background source of radiation?

What did Becquerel discover as a result of placing the mineral-photographic plate combination in a desk drawer?

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

What type of radiation is most often used to kill cancer cells when the radiation is supplied externally?

Which of the following is not used to gauge the danger of a radioactive isotope?

Determine the amount of nobelium-259 left after 50 mg of No-259 is observed for 4 hours. The half-life of No-259 is 1.0 hours.

Select the element that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

If an unstable isotope to the right of the belt of stability undergoes beta decay, will it be closer to or farther away from the belt of stability?

Which type of reaction is most commonly used in power plants to produce electricity?

Which radioactive particle has the highest penetrating power?

True or false -Carbon-14 dating can be used to determine the age of an igneous rock.

Determine the amount of polonium-210 left after 600 mg of Po-10 undergoes 10 half-lives.

Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphorescence?

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction:

Select the radioactive particle that correctly balances the nuclear reaction: