Question 1

Police brutality is the unnecessary use of force by the police against citizens that results in injury.

Accepted Answer

Police brutality refers to the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement officers against civilians, which can result in physical harm, psychological trauma, or even death.

Question 2

Officer liability may be tied to proximate cause, a concept that states the officer's intentional or wrongful actions caused harm to others.

Accepted Answer

Officer liability can indeed be tied to proximate cause, which is a legal concept indicating that the officer's intentional or wrongful actions are sufficiently connected to the harm caused, making the officer legally responsible for the resulting damages.

Question 3

A tort is a criminal wrong.

Accepted Answer

A tort is a civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act, unlike a criminal wrong which is an action against the state.

Question 4

Procedural justice and police legitimacy both relate to the creation of a culture of integrity.

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice, which involves fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources, and police legitimacy, which refers to the public's belief in the police's authority and their willingness to obey the law, both contribute to the development of a culture of integrity by promoting trust, accountability, and ethical behavior within law enforcement and the community.

Question 5

Police officers are responsible for keeping suspects they have arrested safe.

Accepted Answer

Police officers have a duty of care to ensure the safety and well-being of suspects they have arrested, including protection from harm and providing necessary medical care.

Question 6

A factor that contributed heavily to an event, such as an auto crash is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Proximate cause refers to the primary cause of an event, such as an auto crash, indicating it is a direct factor that contributed heavily to the occurrence of that event.

Question 7

Police departments generally leave the decisions related to high-speed pursuits to the discretion of individual officers depending on the circumstances of the case.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Police departments generally leave the decisions related...

Question 8

Determining what constitutes "objectively reasonable" is always an easy task.

Accepted Answer

Determining what is "objectively reasonable" often involves complex considerations of context, perspective, and standards that can vary widely, making it a challenging and sometimes subjective task.

Question 9

Police pursuits are justified only when the necessity of apprehending the suspect outweighs the potential danger created by the pursuit.

Accepted Answer

Police pursuits are typically justified when the need to immediately apprehend a suspect due to the severity of their crime or the threat they pose to public safety outweighs the risks associated with the pursuit itself, such as potential harm to bystanders, officers, or the suspect.

Question 10

Women now represent approximately 50% of the police workforce.

Accepted Answer

As of my last update in 2023, women represent a significantly smaller portion of the police workforce globally, often cited as being between 10% to 30% in many countries, far from the 50% mark.

Question 11

The three categories of torts that are typically filed against criminal justice professionals include negligence, ______ torts, and constitutional torts.

Accepted Answer

Intentional torts are one of the three categories of torts typically filed against criminal justice professionals, alongside negligence and constitutional torts. Intentional torts involve actions taken with the intent to harm or cause loss to another person.

Question 12

Legitimacy reflects the willingness of residents to defer to the law and to police authority, that is, their sense of obligation and responsibility to accept police authority.

Accepted Answer

Legitimacy in the context of law enforcement and governance refers to the perception that an authority, such as the police, is entitled to have its directives followed. This perception is based on the belief that the authority is morally right and proper, and it encompasses the idea that residents should accept and adhere to the law and police directives out of a sense of obligation and responsibility, rather than fear of punishment.

Question 13

Autonomous vehicles will likely bring a world in which drivers do not commit traffic violations or cause traffic crashes.

Accepted Answer

Autonomous vehicles are designed to follow traffic laws and avoid collisions, eliminating the possibility of human error that often leads to traffic violations and crashes.

Question 14

Which is a primary concern in using new technology for policing?

Accepted Answer

Privacy is a primary concern when implementing new technology in policing, as it raises issues about surveillance and the potential for infringing on individuals' rights.

Question 15

According to research, women have better ______ skills.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that, on average, women tend to have better communication skills than men. This includes both verbal and non-verbal communication, such as reading body language and facial expressions, as well as articulating thoughts and feelings more effectively.

Question 16

The extent to which the community believes that police actions are appropriate, proper, and just, and its willingness to recognize authority is referred to as police ______.

Accepted Answer

Police legitimacy refers to the public's belief that the police conduct their duties in a manner that is appropriate, proper, and just, which in turn influences the public's willingness to recognize and accept police authority.

Question 17

Which of the following pillars of justice means that decisions are made based on relevant evidence or data rather than on personal opinion, speculation, or guesswork?

Accepted Answer

Impartiality and unbiased decision making is the pillar of justice that emphasizes decisions should be made based on relevant evidence or data, not personal opinions or speculation. This ensures that justice is administered fairly and objectively.

Question 18

The infliction of some injury on one person by another is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A tort is a legal term used to describe a civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act. It can include various forms of harm including physical injury, and thus, the infliction of injury on one person by another can be referred to as a tort.

Question 19

Police supervisors can be found liable in certain instances for the wrongful acts of a police officer.

Accepted Answer

Police supervisors can be held liable under certain circumstances if it is found that they were either directly involved in, failed to intervene, or were deliberately indifferent to the wrongful acts of their subordinates, thereby violating established legal standards or rights.

Question 20

False arrest is the arrest of a person without probable cause.

Accepted Answer

False arrest, also known as unlawful arrest, occurs when someone is arrested without the legal authority to do so, which typically means there was no probable cause to believe the person committed a crime.

Quiz 7: Policing Methods and Challenges: Issues of Force, Liability, and Technologies