Question 1

Annette ingests LSD. She finds that her sensory experiences are more refined and salient. How does LSD alter Annette's brain function to produce this effect?

Accepted Answer

LSD primarily affects the brain by activating serotonin receptors, particularly in the locus coeruleus, which is involved in sensory perception. This activation increases the activity of glutamate and GABA neurons, leading to altered sensory experiences.

Question 2

Psychedelic drugs fall into three general categories: ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychedelic drugs are typically categorized into hallucinogens (which cause perceptual distortions), mixed stimulant-psychedelics (which have both stimulating and hallucinogenic effects), and dissociative anesthetics (which can induce feelings of detachment from the environment and self). Opioids and cannabinoids do not fall under the general categories of psychedelics as they have different primary effects on the brain and perception.

Question 3

Drugs that induce a reality-altering experience consisting of hallucinations, sensory distortions, or delusions are referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychedelic drugs are known for inducing experiences that include hallucinations, sensory distortions, and delusions, altering the user's perception of reality.

Question 4

Ashley ingests "shrooms" to experience a hallucination. The main psychoactive constituent in hallucinogenic mushrooms is ____.

Accepted Answer

Psilocybin is the main psychoactive substance found in many species of hallucinogenic mushrooms, commonly referred to as "shrooms," which is responsible for their psychedelic effects.

Question 5

The most representative hallucinogen is ____.

Accepted Answer

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is widely recognized as the most representative hallucinogen due to its potent psychoactive effects, historical significance, and extensive research surrounding its effects on the human mind.

Question 6

During the psychoanalysis era, psychiatrists used LSD to ____.

Accepted Answer

During the psychoanalysis era, psychiatrists experimented with LSD as a means to access the unconscious thoughts of their patients, believing it could reveal repressed memories and insights.

Question 7

An LSD trip associated with disturbing true hallucinations, psychotic episodes, negative emotional states, altered perceptions of time, and out-of-body sensations is referred to as a ____ trip.

Accepted Answer

A "bad trip" on LSD is characterized by disturbing hallucinations, psychotic episodes, negative emotional states, altered perceptions of time, and out-of-body sensations.

Question 8

Which hallucinogen is also produced endogenously by the body?

Accepted Answer

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is produced endogenously in the human body, with research suggesting its presence in the pineal gland among other areas.

Question 9

Who is credited with the accidental discovery of LSD's hallucinogenic effects at Sandoz Laboratories in 1943?

Accepted Answer

Albert Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic effects of LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) in 1943 while working at Sandoz Laboratories.

Question 10

The chemical structure of LSD resembles ____ chemical structure.

Accepted Answer

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) has a chemical structure that is similar to serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep, among other functions. This similarity allows LSD to interact with serotonin receptors in the brain, contributing to its psychoactive effects.

Question 11

Postdoctoral research fellow Jessica administers LSD directly into the prefrontal cortex of a rat via cannulization, leading to the activation of 5-HT2A receptors. What should happen in response to this LSD administration?

Accepted Answer

LSD is known to activate 5-HT2A receptors, which leads to an increase in glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 12

Sandra uses a normal-range dose of LSD. What type of physiological changes can she expect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandra uses a normal-range dose of LSD....

Question 13

An LSD trip characterized by having highly desirable sensory distortions and pseudo-hallucinations is referred to as a ____ trip.

Accepted Answer

A "good" trip is characterized by enjoyable and often enlightening experiences, including pleasant sensory distortions and pseudo-hallucinations.

Question 14

Primitive cultures used hallucinogenic plants as psychic medicines to treat maladies, communicate with gods, and ____.

Accepted Answer

Primitive cultures often used hallucinogenic plants in rituals and ceremonies, which were sometimes perceived as magical practices.

Question 15

Kyle ingests peyote cactus to experience a hallucination. What active ingredient in the peyote cactus produces these hallucinations?

Accepted Answer

Mescaline is the active hallucinogenic compound found in the peyote cactus, responsible for producing hallucinations.

Question 16

Which statement best reflects the role of serotonin-like hallucinogens in producing subjective and physiological effects in humans?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin-like hallucinogens, such as LSD and psilocybin, are known for their potent subjective effects, including alterations in perception, mood, and thought. However, their physiological effects, while present, are generally less pronounced and can include changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Question 17

After ingesting LSD, Margetta notices that every time her friend opens her mouth to speak, she sees a kaleidoscope of colors emitting from her mouth - instead of hearing sounds. The phenomenon that best describes this is ____.

Accepted Answer

Synesthesia is a condition where one sense is simultaneously perceived as if by one or more additional senses. In this case, Margetta is experiencing sounds as colors, which is a classic example of synesthesia.

Question 18

The overall hallucinogenic experience is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

The term "trip" is commonly used to describe the overall hallucinogenic experience, referring to the journey-like sensation that users report during the effects of hallucinogenic drugs.

Question 19

What lead to the decline of therapeutic LSD use in psychoanalytical practices?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What lead to the decline of therapeutic...

Question 20

Marco ingests LSD, leading to disruption of modal object completion. Based on disruption to his modal object completion, how would a square border of dots (spaced closely together) appear to Marco?

Accepted Answer

Modal object completion is the brain's ability to perceive partial visual information as complete objects. LSD disrupts this process, making it difficult for Marco to integrate the dots into the coherent shape of a square. Instead, he would see them as individual dots without recognizing them as forming a specific shape.

Quiz 12: Psychedelic Drugs