Question 1

In a research study by Naomi Eisenberger and colleagues, participants who were ostracized during a game of Cyberball ________.

Accepted Answer

The research study by Naomi Eisenberger and colleagues found that participants who were ostracized during a game of Cyberball showed neural activity patterns similar to those associated with physical pain, indicating that social rejection and physical pain share a common neuroanatomical basis. This is reflected in increased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, areas also involved in the experience of physical pain, rather than specifically showing patterns associated with lower levels of social support.

Question 2

Which of the following patterns of behaviour is associated with more physical health problems?

Accepted Answer

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by high levels of stress, impatience, aggression, and a sense of urgency, which have been associated with a higher risk of heart disease and other health problems compared to Type B behavior pattern, which is more relaxed and less prone to stress-related illnesses.

Question 3

The text mentioned that optimistic people have all of the following benefits, EXCEPT that, optimists ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text mentioned that optimistic people have...

Question 4

You notice that your instructor has a fast-paced lifestyle and regularly experiences negative emotions. You might be concerned about your instructor's physical health because he likely has a(n) _____________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Type A personality is characterized by a fast-paced lifestyle, competitiveness, aggressiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency, which are associated with stress and negative emotions that can impact physical health.

Question 5

A student has positive views of the future and often expects that things will work out well in the long run. The student's beliefs are most strongly associated with which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Optimism is the concept that best describes a person's tendency to have positive views of the future and to expect that things will generally turn out well. It involves a general expectation that good things will happen.

Question 6

Research on the impact of religious beliefs has suggested that they have the most positive effects in helping people to deal with __________ but often function to increase the stress of people dealing with ___________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that religious beliefs can provide significant support and comfort to individuals dealing with losses, such as the death of a loved one, by offering a sense of hope and meaning. However, these beliefs can sometimes exacerbate stress in situations involving marital problems, as religious doctrines and community expectations may add pressure or guilt on individuals trying to navigate these personal issues.

Question 7

A person who lives under great pressure and demands much of him- or herself and others is the definition of the _______________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The Type A personality is characterized by a constant feeling of working against the clock and a strong sense of competitiveness. Individuals with a Type A personality often live under great pressure and demand a lot from themselves and others, making this the correct choice.

Question 8

A student is about to compete in a triathlon. Although such a competition would likely inspire fear and nervousness in most people, the student is feeling good about the race because they believe they have the skills to successfully complete it. The student has high self-_________________.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which aligns with the student's belief in their skills to successfully complete the triathlon.

Question 9

The "three Cs" that constitute a stress-protective factor called hardiness are ________.

Accepted Answer

The "three Cs" of hardiness are commitment, control, and challenge. These factors are believed to make individuals more resilient to stress.

Question 10

Research on the impact of religious beliefs on responses to stressful events has determined that ________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that religious beliefs can have a varied impact on how individuals respond to stress. For some, these beliefs provide a source of comfort and resilience, potentially decreasing the impact of stress. For others, religious beliefs might introduce additional stressors or exacerbate stress, depending on the nature of the beliefs and the individual's interpretation of them.

Question 11

A student is a competitive person who is almost always pressed for time. The student has a very stressful job and has very high expectations for themselves and others. When things don't go their way, such as when there are mistakes or delays at work, the student tends to become very irritated and upset. The student would most likely be classified as having a ___________________ personality.

Accepted Answer

The description matches characteristics commonly associated with Type A personality, which includes being competitive, time-urgent, and easily stressed or irritated by delays or mistakes.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most important predictor of physical health for people with Type A personality?

Accepted Answer

Negative emotions are the most important predictor of physical health for people with Type A personality. This is because the stress and hostility associated with negative emotions can lead to adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease.

Question 13

A student can expect to produce more immune cells during periods of stress if they ___________.

Accepted Answer

Social support during periods of stress can help buffer the negative effects of stress on the immune system, leading to the production of more immune cells.

Question 14

A student is a relaxed and agreeable person, and usually does not have a sense of urgency to complete their tasks. The student has a ___________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Type B personality is characterized by a relaxed, patient, and easy-going nature, which aligns with the description of the student.

Question 15

Research suggests that the Type A personality has a particularly strong association with ________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Type A personality, characterized by high levels of stress, competitiveness, and urgency, has a strong association with coronary heart disease. This is due to the stress and lifestyle factors that often accompany Type A behaviors, which can increase the risk of heart-related issues.

Question 16

Which of the following protective factors against the negative effects of stress has also occasionally been found to be a vulnerability factor?

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefs can serve as a protective factor against stress by providing a sense of meaning, community, and support. However, in some contexts or for some individuals, religious beliefs can also be a source of stress or conflict, making it a potential vulnerability factor.

Question 17

A stress researcher familiar with the impact of personality variables on health would most likely say that people who ___________ are particularly vulnerable to coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

People who experience negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety, and depression, are particularly vulnerable to coronary heart disease. This is because negative emotions can lead to stress, which in turn can increase the risk of heart disease by affecting heart rate, blood pressure, and the immune system.

Question 18

A professional is in a high-stress job to which they are very committed. The professional has control over outcomes, and is not threatened by demanding situations. The professional can be termed as a(n) ___________ person.

Accepted Answer

The term "hardy" describes individuals who are resilient and thrive in high-stress environments, particularly when they have control over outcomes and are not intimidated by challenging situations. This aligns with the description of the professional in the question.

Question 19

Which of the following provides the best description of the Type A personality?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, hostility, and a demanding nature, often associated with stress and a higher risk of heart disease.

Question 20

Which of the following has NOT been shown to be a protective factor for reactions to stressors?

Accepted Answer

Low level of hardiness has not been shown to be a protective factor for reactions to stressors. In contrast, high levels of hardiness, which involve a sense of control, commitment, and challenge, are associated with better stress resilience.

Quiz 15: Stress, Coping, and Health