Question 1

Studies with animals have found that if conditions are arranged such that an animal is continually defeated in fights with other animals of the same species, it will become more submissive. This effect is increased if the animal is _________ when it suffers its first defeat.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that animals that experience defeat at a young age are more likely to become submissive in later encounters. This is because early experiences can have a lasting impact on an animal's social behavior and hierarchy within its group.

Question 2

The results of Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiment demonstrated how ___________ may increase aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The results of Albert Bandura's "Bobo doll"...

Question 3

A person who argues that appropriately timed aggression likely served to help our ancestors compete for mates, food, and shelter and allowed them to defend themselves against attack is most likely a

Accepted Answer

This perspective aligns with sociobiology, which examines social behavior in the context of evolution. It suggests that certain behaviors, including aggression, have been naturally selected because they contributed to the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors.

Question 4

Jill blames a man for imagined wrongs that he has committed against her and views him in such a way that his human characteristics are de-emphasized. Both of these factors would best be considered as different types of self-justifications and make it more likely that Jill will ______________.

Accepted Answer

Blaming someone for imagined wrongs and dehumanizing them are forms of self-justification that can lead to aggressive behavior, as they create a perceived justification for acting out against the individual.

Question 5

The frustration-aggression hypothesis asserted that frustration inevitably leads to aggression and all aggression is the result of frustration. Subsequent research has revealed that

Accepted Answer

Subsequent research has shown that the relationship between frustration and aggression is not as direct as the frustration-aggression hypothesis initially suggested. While frustration can lead to aggression, it is not the only cause of aggression, nor does frustration always result in aggressive behavior. Other factors, such as social, environmental, and psychological variables, also play significant roles in the emergence of aggression.

Question 6

Sally is walking down the street when she comes upon a man who appears to be having a seizure. Approximately 15 other people stop as well and all appear genuinely concerned about the man's health and well-being. However, nobody calls for help because, like Sally, they all assume that someone else has already made a call to the paramedics. In this instance, the lack of help appears to be the product of

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of diffusion of responsibility, where individuals in a group assume that someone else will take action, leading to inaction by all.

Question 7

The assumption that life is fair and that people get what they deserve and also deserve what they get is the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis is the belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, which reflects a view that the world is fair.

Question 8

All of the following were discussed as environmental factors that increase the likelihood of aggression EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Negative mood is not typically considered an environmental factor that directly increases aggression, unlike painful stimuli, provocation, and heat.

Question 9

In both humans and animals, it appears that in acts of impulsive aggression, low levels of the neurotransmitter ___________ may play a role.

Accepted Answer

Low levels of serotonin have been linked to impulsive aggression in both humans and animals, suggesting a role in modulating mood and aggression.

Question 10

A study by Patterson et al. found that over 80 percent of aggressive behaviours were rewarding for the aggressor, a finding that clearly demonstrates that aggressive behaviour patterns are fostered by ___________.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is a type of reinforcement in which a desired behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. In the study by Patterson et al., over 80 percent of aggressive behaviors were rewarding for the aggressor, which means that the aggressive behavior was followed by a pleasant consequence, such as getting what they wanted or avoiding something they didn't want. This positive reinforcement increased the likelihood that the aggressive behavior would be repeated.

Question 11

The factor of perceived responsibility is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis is associated with perceived responsibility, as it suggests people believe that individuals get what they deserve, attributing outcomes to personal responsibility.

Question 12

Which of the following brain regions is known to be involved in aggression?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is known to be involved in various functions including emotion regulation, and it plays a significant role in aggression. Activation of certain areas within the hypothalamus has been linked to aggressive behavior in both animals and humans.

Question 13

All of the following were mentioned as ways that prosocial behaviour can be increased EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Decreasing social comparisons is not mentioned as a way to increase prosocial behavior. Instead, learning about the bystander effect, exposure to positive models, and mandatory volunteerism are known methods to encourage prosocial actions.

Question 14

The phenomenon of road rage is most likely caused by which of the following environmental factors that have been shown to increase aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phenomenon of road rage is most...

Question 15

Unprovoked aggressive acts that are designed to establish a dominance hierarchy among members of a particular species are called social aggression and are attributed to higher levels of __________.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is often linked to aggressive behaviors aimed at establishing dominance within social hierarchies among various species.

Question 16

Studies have revealed that when identical and fraternal twins are compared, the identical twins are more similar in their _____________ behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have revealed that when identical and...

Question 17

Bystanders are most likely to help individuals who are

Accepted Answer

Bystanders are more likely to help individuals who are perceived as being similar to themselves, as similarity can increase empathy and the likelihood of helping behavior.

Question 18

In his study of murders, Raine found that when murderers who had committed their crimes as a planned predatory act were compared to impulsive murderers, the impulsive murderers had ___________.

Accepted Answer

Impulsive murderers tend to have lower frontal lobe activity, which is associated with impulsivity and lack of control over aggressive behaviors. The frontal lobe is crucial for impulse control and decision-making.

Question 19

Having low self-efficacy during which of the following stages of the bystander intervention process could inhibit helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Low self-efficacy affects the ability to know how to help, as it involves confidence in one's ability to effectively intervene.

Question 20

All of the following were mentioned as factors that increase the likelihood of a bystander helping EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Factors that increase the likelihood of a bystander helping include being in a good mood, having pre-existing guilt, and having seen a helpful role model. Personal distress, however, tends to decrease the likelihood of helping because it can lead to a focus on self rather than others.

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context