Question 1

Siblings have a certain percentage of chance of sharing the same gene with one another. This percentage of chance is _____.

Accepted Answer

Siblings have a 50 percent chance of sharing the same gene with one another due to the basic principles of inheritance, where each parent contributes half of their genes to their offspring.

Question 2

Techniques in which pieces of DNA from an organism are combined with DNA from other organisms and then allowed to proliferate in a new host organism are called

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA procedures involve combining DNA from different sources or organisms and introducing this new DNA into a host organism, where it can replicate and express the desired traits. This technique is fundamental in genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Question 3

The gene knockout procedure refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

Gene knockout specifically involves altering or "knocking out" a gene to prevent it from performing its normal function, allowing researchers to study the gene's role by observing the effects of its absence.

Question 4

An animal researcher inserts into the body of a mouse a genetic substance that is designed to prevent neurons from responding to dopamine. The researcher then observes the mouse to determine the impact of the absence of dopamine on the mouse's behaviour. This researcher has just utilized what is called the

Accepted Answer

The knockout procedure involves genetically modifying an organism to inactivate or "knock out" the function of a specific gene, in this case, to prevent neurons from responding to dopamine. This method is used to study the role of specific genes or proteins in biological processes and behaviors.

Question 5

The probability of a child sharing any particular gene with his or her parents is

Accepted Answer

Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting any particular gene from each parent, due to the basic principles of Mendelian inheritance.

Question 6

Dizygotic twins share a certain percentage of their genetic endowment with their parents. This percentage of genetic endowment is ____________.

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are formed from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. As with any siblings, they share, on average, 50 percent of their genetic endowment with each parent, similar to the genetic sharing between any two siblings.

Question 7

Which of the following procedures have been used to produce human growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce human growth hormone by inserting the gene responsible for its production into bacteria, which then produce the hormone. This method allows for the mass production of human growth hormone for medical use.

Question 8

Recombinant DNA procedures refer to the process in which

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different sources or organisms and inserting it into a host organism, where it can replicate and possibly express the desired traits or produce the desired products. This process does not involve altering the function of a gene within the same organism (A), specifically knocking out a gene's function (C), or changing a gene's dominance or recessiveness (D).

Question 9

Both of Bob's parents have blue eyes. Bob carries the dominant gene for blue eyes, yet his eyes are brown. This means that the gene for blue eyes would be considered

Accepted Answer

The gene for blue eyes is considered recessive because brown eyes are dominant. If both of Bob's parents have blue eyes but he has brown eyes, it suggests a misunderstanding in the premise, as two blue-eyed parents cannot typically produce a child with brown eyes if blue is purely recessive. However, based on the information given, blue eyes are described in a way that implies they are recessive.

Question 10

Brad has blue eyes and his wife has brown eyes. Both of their children have brown eyes. Their eldest son, Mike, marries a woman with blue eyes, and they are now expecting their first baby. Is it possible for the child to be born with blue eyes?

Accepted Answer

A) Mike, having a parent with blue eyes, could carry the recessive blue eye gene, making it possible for his child to have blue eyes if his partner also carries or expresses the gene.

Question 11

Recombinant DNA procedures have been used to produce human growth hormone that has been used to treat children who are abnormally short. The results of the research examining the impact for these children is that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recombinant DNA procedures have been used to...

Question 12

Of the list below, genetically speaking, which pair of individuals is most alike?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins (option C) are genetically the most alike because they originate from the same fertilized egg, which then splits into two, giving them virtually identical DNA.

Question 13

When multiple gene pairs combine to influence the expression of a single phenotypic trait, it is called

Accepted Answer

Polygenic transmission refers to the phenomenon where multiple genes (gene pairs) influence the expression of a single phenotypic trait, contributing to the variation in traits such as height, skin color, and eye color.

Question 14

The extent to which variation among a group of people can be attributed to genetic factors is estimated by the

Accepted Answer

The heritability coefficient is used to estimate the extent to which variation among individuals in a population can be attributed to their differing genes.

Question 15

Polygenic transmission occurs when

Accepted Answer

Polygenic transmission refers to the phenomenon where a single phenotypic characteristic is influenced by the interaction of multiple genes, rather than being controlled by a single gene. This results in a wide range of possible phenotypes.

Question 16

While genetic engineering gives humans potential control over heredity and evolutionary processes, there is a key question with respect to the use of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

The key question regarding the use of genetic engineering is its moral and ethical implications, as it involves manipulating the fundamental aspects of life.

Question 17

While the gene knockout procedure has been shown to result in changes in behaviour, interpretation of the findings of this procedure must be made carefully since

Accepted Answer

Very little behaviour is controlled by only one gene, meaning that the effects observed from knocking out a single gene may not fully account for the complexity of behavioral traits, which are often influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.

Question 18

A grandchild has a certain percentage of chance of sharing any single gene with his or her grandparents. This percentage of chance is _____.

Accepted Answer

A grandchild has a 25 percent chance of inheriting any single gene from a grandparent because the child inherits 50% of their genes from each parent, who in turn inherited 50% of their genes from each of their parents (the grandparents).

Question 19

The procedure in which an individual gene is altered to prevent it from carrying out its normal function is called the

Accepted Answer

The gene knockout procedure involves altering or "knocking out" a gene to prevent it from performing its normal function, often used to study the role of specific genes in organisms.

Question 20

Which of the following is one of the methods used in recombinant DNA research?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes, specifically restriction enzymes, are used in recombinant DNA technology to cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. This allows scientists to insert or remove segments of DNA, facilitating the study and manipulation of genes.

Quiz 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour