Question 1

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found throughout the brain, especially important in anxiety and motor control?
A)Serotonin
B)Norepinephrine
C)GABA
D)Glutamate

Accepted Answer

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system and is particularly important in regulating anxiety and motor control.

Question 2

Rohypnol and GHB are so-called 'date rape' drugs that work by enhancing the activity of which neurotransmitter?
A)GABA
B)Dopamine
C)Norepinphrine
D)Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Rohypnol and GHB work by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which has inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, leading to sedation and memory impairment.

Question 3

During the final period of the championship hockey game, Tim is sliced across the ear by an opponent's skate. Despite the damage to his ear, Tim continues to play the game, and scores the winning goal. Tim's ability to continue playing the game despite the searing pain in his ear is likely a result of a massive release of which type of transmitter?
A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphins

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural painkillers produced by the body in response to stress or pain. They can help mask pain, allowing Tim to continue playing despite his injury.

Question 4

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are
A)sensory and motor
B)somatic and parasympathetic
C)sympathetic and parasympathetic
D)sympathetic and central

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which regulate involuntary body functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Question 5

Which of the following drugs influences ACh and dopamine activity?
A)Alcohol
B)Caffeine
C)Nicotine
D)Amphetamines

Accepted Answer

Nicotine influences both acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine activity by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and increasing dopamine release in the brain.

Question 6

Alcohol effect on the brain is as a(n)
A)agonist by stimulating activity of the inhibitory transmitter GABA
B)antagonist by stimulating activity of the inhibitory transmitter GABA
C)antagonist by decreasing the activity of the excitatory transmitter glutamate
D)both an agonist and antagonist by stimulating activity of GABA and decreasing the activity glutamate

Accepted Answer

Alcohol acts as both an agonist and antagonist in the brain by increasing the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and decreasing the activity of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, affecting the balance of neurotransmission.

Question 7

Agonists are drugs that can influence the activity of a neurotransmitter by doing one of the following EXCEPT
A)blocking the receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron
B)enhancing a neuron's ability to synthesize neurotransmitters
C)inhibiting reuptake
D)mimicking the action of a neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

Agonists are substances that activate neurotransmitter receptors, enhancing or mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters. Blocking the receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron is an action of antagonists, not agonists.

Question 8

The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are
A)somatic and autonomic
B)sensory and motor
C)sympathetic and somatic
D)sympathetic and autonomic

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements and sensory reception, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 9

After a very loud noise in her backyard woke her from a sound sleep, Ursula is lying in bed paralyzed by fear. Her heart is pounding, her face is flushed, and there is a sinking feeling in the pit of her stomach. The nervous system that is responsible for Ursula's body reactions to the noise is called ___________________.
A)autonomic nervous system
B)voluntary nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)somatic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary bodily functions, including the fight-or-flight response that Ursula is experiencing (heart pounding, face flushing, etc.) in reaction to the loud noise.

Question 10

Ursula is sound asleep one night when she is suddenly awakened by a loud noise coming from her backyard. She gets out of bed and moves to the window in order to see what made the noise. Ursula is relying on her ______ nervous system.
A)parasympathetic
B)sympathetic
C)autonomic
D)somatic

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements and sensory information processing, such as moving to the window to see what made the noise.

Question 11

Which of the following neurotransmitters have NOT been associated with depression?
A)Norepinephrine
B)Serotonin
C)Dopamine
D)Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine has not been as prominently associated with depression as norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, which are more directly linked to mood regulation and are the primary targets of most antidepressant medications.

Question 12

What are the three major types of neurons in the nervous system?
A)Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
B)Sensory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and interneurons
C)Excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and sensory neurons
D)Excitatory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

Accepted Answer

The three major types of neurons in the nervous system are sensory neurons, which transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system; motor neurons, which convey signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands; and interneurons, which connect neurons within the central nervous system and are involved in processing information.

Question 13

The neurotransmitter dopamine was mentioned as involved in all the following disorders EXCEPT for
A)Schizophrenia
B)Depression
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in the brain's reward system and is involved in controlling movement, motivation, and emotional responses. It is closely associated with conditions such as Schizophrenia, where it is believed there is an overactivity of dopamine, and Parkinson's disease, where there is a deficiency of dopamine due to the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra. Depression has also been linked to the dopaminergic system, though its role is more complex and involves other neurotransmitters as well. Alzheimer's disease, however, is primarily associated with deficits in the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine, rather than dopamine.

Question 14

The job of interneurons is to
A)carry information from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord
B)carry information from the brain and spinal cord to various muscles or organs
C)perform connective or associative functions in the nervous system
D)inhibit neurons from firing by reducing the action potential threshold

Accepted Answer

Interneurons perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system, linking sensory and motor neurons and playing critical roles in the processing and transmission of signals in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

Cara has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. It is likely she will be treated with a drug which increases the levels of which neurotransmitter?
A)GABA
B)Dopamine
C)Acetylcholine
D)Serotonin

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain. Treatment often involves medication that increases dopamine levels to help manage symptoms.

Question 16

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play complementary roles in maintaining a balanced or constant internal state. This constant internal state is referred to as ________________________.
A)homesynthesis
B)homeostasis
C)neural plasticity
D)a resting potential

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the process by which living organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain a stable, constant condition, balancing inputs and outputs. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems contribute to this by adjusting bodily functions in response to changing conditions.

Question 17

A neuron is responsible for conveying a message from the brain to a particular muscle, such as the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n)
A)inhibitory neuron
B)interneuron
C)sensory neuron
D)motor neuron

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for conveying messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands, causing them to contract or secrete products, respectively. In this case, the neuron that causes the eyelid muscle to contract would be a motor neuron.

Question 18

The somatic nervous system
A)consists of sensory and motor neurons designed to transmit information to slow down the body and keep it calm
B)consists of sensory and motor neurons designed to transmit information for involuntary functions such as circulation and digestion
C)consists of sensory and motor neurons designed to transmit information for the fight-or-flight response
D)consists of sensory and motor neurons designed to transmit information between muscles, sensory receptors, and the central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system, involving sensory receptors, muscles, and the CNS.

Question 19

Ashley's parents do not like the contemporary techno music that Ashley and her friends listen to and prefer old show tunes to which they can sing along. Along with the neurons that help them sense the music, there is a link between the sensory input from a song they are listening to, and their memory of that song. This link is made by ___________________.
A)interneurons
B)sensory neurons
C)motor neurons
D)inhibitory neurons

Accepted Answer

Interneurons create pathways between sensory inputs and memories by connecting sensory neurons, which detect the music, to the parts of the brain where memories are stored, facilitating the recognition and emotional connection to the music.

Question 20

The central nervous system is defined as
A)only the neurons in the brain
B)only the neurons in the spinal cord
C)only the neurons in the brain and spinal cord
D)only the neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) is defined as the neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Quiz 3: Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found throughout the brain, especially important in anxiety and motor control?

Rohypnol and GHB are so-called 'date rape' drugs that work by enhancing the activity of which neurotransmitter?

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are

Which of the following drugs influences ACh and dopamine activity?

Alcohol effect on the brain is as a(n)

Agonists are drugs that can influence the activity of a neurotransmitter by doing one of the following EXCEPT

The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are

Ursula is sound asleep one night when she is suddenly awakened by a loud noise coming from her backyard. She gets out of bed and moves to the window in order to see what made the noise. Ursula is relying on her ______ nervous system.

Which of the following neurotransmitters have NOT been associated with depression?

What are the three major types of neurons in the nervous system?

The neurotransmitter dopamine was mentioned as involved in all the following disorders EXCEPT for

The job of interneurons is to

Cara has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. It is likely she will be treated with a drug which increases the levels of which neurotransmitter?

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play complementary roles in maintaining a balanced or constant internal state. This constant internal state is referred to as ________________________.

A neuron is responsible for conveying a message from the brain to a particular muscle, such as the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n)

The somatic nervous system

The central nervous system is defined as