Question 1

College can be stressful, especially among first-year students. What does research tell us about stress and eating, and the infamous "freshman 15"?

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Question 2

Discuss at least three different techniques that psychologists have found to be effective for most people in increasing positive emotions. Also discuss the documented benefits of maximizing positive emotions in your everyday life.

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Question 3

Compare and contrast the three classic theories of motivation. Among the three (instinct theory, drive reduction theory, and arousal theory), which one do you agree with the most, and why? Be sure to provide an example to support your position.

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Question 4

_____ theory states that promotion and prevention are two primary motivation systems that affect different people in different ways.

Accepted Answer

Regulatory focus theory posits that there are two main motivational systems influencing behavior: promotion focus, which relates to the pursuit of goals and aspirations, and prevention focus, which concerns itself with security, safety, and responsibilities.

Question 5

"Fake it 'til you make it." Discuss what is meant by this common saying as it relates to the facial feedback theory of emotion. What is a situation where you have either witnessed this phenomenon, or can imagine a useful application of it?

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Question 6

An example of satisfying your esteem needs is:

Accepted Answer

Esteem needs, as described by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, involve the human desire for respect, self-esteem, and recognition from others. Being recognized as the most valuable employee directly satisfies the need for esteem by providing external validation and acknowledgment of one's abilities and contributions.

Question 7

Discuss the importance of understanding display rules when interacting with people of different ethnic groups, age groups, and gender-based groups. Describe a situation where you have either noticed a display rule different from one you are accustomed to, or suddenly realized you were inadvertently in violation of a display rule.

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Question 8

Critically discuss the role that socioeconomic status plays in obesity rates.

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Question 9

Discuss the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Provide an example of each in your personal life. Also, describe a situation where a behavior either began as intrinsically motivated and later became extrinsically motivated, or vice versa. What was the impact of this change on your performance and/or enjoyment of that behavior, and was it consistent with research findings in this area?

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Question 10

Explain the difference between a mastery goal and a performance goal, and provide a real-life example of each. Also, describe the ways in which mastery goals are said to produce better outcomes than performance goals.

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Question 11

Consistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person with a safety need is BEST exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs posits that safety needs come after physiological needs and involve the need for security and safety. Milfred, fleeing from a war-torn country, is seeking safety and security, which aligns with Maslow's safety needs.

Question 12

Esteban is putting in extra time at the gym over the summer in order to excel on his football team when the season begins in the fall. According to Maslow's theory, Esteban is working on satisfying a basic need for:

Accepted Answer

Esteban's effort to excel in football by putting in extra time at the gym is aimed at achieving recognition, status, and respect from his peers and coaches, which aligns with the esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Esteem needs involve achieving, gaining approval, and attaining a level of competence and respect from others.

Question 13

Your friend Leslie has been struggling with weight problems and asks you for advice. What are three research-supported individual strategies for promoting healthy eating that you might suggest to her?

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Question 14

According to research on the "freshman 15," which student is statistically MOST likely to gain the full "freshman 15" in college?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that stress, often experienced during significant life transitions such as starting college, can lead to increased eating and weight gain. Therefore, Sarina, who had both a high BMI and high stress levels before entering college, is statistically more likely to gain the full "freshman 15."

Question 15

What is the correct order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, starting with the most basic level after physiological needs?

Accepted Answer

After physiological needs, Maslow's hierarchy progresses as Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization, and finally Self-Transcendence.

Question 16

A person would MOST likely experience a heightened need for belongingness and love after:

Accepted Answer

After a breakup, individuals often experience a significant emotional void and a heightened need for emotional support, love, and belongingness as they adjust to the loss of a close, intimate relationship.

Question 17

Apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to your own life. Describe and provide examples of ways in which you have satisfied certain needs. Also discuss the needs that you are currently working on satisfying, as well as the ones you have yet to fulfill. Be sure to mention all six needs.

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Question 18

Describe the concept of flow and how it relates to peak experiences. Provide a personal example of a time you have experienced flow.

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Question 19

All are considered by Paul Ekman to be a basic human emotion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Empathy is not considered a basic human emotion by Paul Ekman. The basic emotions identified by Ekman include surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness, fear, and anger.

Question 20

Norms within a group regarding acceptable verbal and nonverbal emotional expressions are called:

Accepted Answer

Display rules are the norms within a group that dictate the appropriate expressions of emotion, both verbally and nonverbally. They guide how individuals should manage and express their emotions in different social contexts.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion