Question 1

A large part of socialization involves arranging social reinforcement for _______________ between what is _______ and what is done.

Accepted Answer

Correspondence between what is said and what is done is a key aspect of socialization, where individuals learn to align their actions with their verbal commitments or statements, reinforcing trust and consistency in social interactions.

Question 2

Jones (2009) challenged the conclusions of Meltzoff and Moore regarding spontaneous imitation in infants on the grounds that:

Accepted Answer

Jones (2009) argued that tongue protrusions are a common, natural behavior in infants that can be triggered by various stimuli, not necessarily an act of imitation. This challenges Meltzoff and Moore's interpretation of such behaviors as deliberate imitation.

Question 3

Behaviorally, we could define lying as lack of correspondence between:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behaviorally, we could define lying as lack...

Question 4

Du and Greer (2014) found that 2- to 4-year-old children with autism who failed to learn generalized imitation in face-to-face interactions were successful in establishing generalized imitation when:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Du and Greer (2014) found that 2-...

Question 5

Repeating a joke to your coworkers that you heard told by a late night host the previous day violates the operant imitation account of imitation in all of the following ways except:

Accepted Answer

The operant imitation account of imitation suggests that imitation occurs because it has been previously reinforced in similar contexts. The context in which the response occurs (e.g., telling a joke among coworkers) does not necessarily violate this account, as the context for imitation does not need to be identical, just similar enough that the behavior is reinforced.

Question 6

The "memory function" involved in responding to the request of "Please text me your roommate's number" would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "memory function" involved in responding to...

Question 7

Bandura's social-cognitive model of observational learning includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social-cognitive model of observational learning does not require previous experience performing the observed act. The model emphasizes observation, imitation, and modeling, and learners can acquire new behaviors without having previously performed them.

Question 8

The instruction given by airlines before takeoff regarding the use of the oxygen masks in the case of lost air pressure in the cabin is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A function-altering event refers to an event that changes the future behavior of an individual based on the information provided. The instruction about oxygen masks is designed to alter passengers' responses to a specific situation (loss of cabin pressure) that they might encounter in the future, thus fitting the definition of a function-altering event.

Question 9

From a behavioral perspective, Bandura's Bobo doll experiment worked because it included the following behavioral processes:

Accepted Answer

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the concept of observational learning or modeling, where individuals learn and imitate behaviors observed in others. This involves generalized imitation (observing and imitating a wide range of behaviors), descriptions of contingencies (understanding the consequences of actions as observed in the model's behavior), and rule-governed behavior (behaviors influenced by rules derived from the observed actions and their outcomes).

Question 10

A situation where two verbal stimuli exert stimulus control over a common verbal topography is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Joint control occurs when two or more stimuli control a single verbal response, allowing for more complex behavior and verbal interactions.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of Bandura's Bobo doll experiment:

Accepted Answer

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that all three groups (those who saw the model rewarded, punished, or no consequence) remembered the modeled aggression equally well when given an incentive, indicating that learning had occurred even if it was not immediately apparent in their behavior.

Question 12

Overall, the results of Galizio's (1979) experiments provide strong support for the view that:

Accepted Answer

Galizio's experiments are often cited in support of the view that instruction-following is a form of rule-governed behavior, highlighting how individuals can follow rules or instructions that guide their actions, even in the absence of direct experience with the contingencies specified by those rules.

Question 13

As a response to challenges against the _____ model of imitation, Baer created the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

Baer created the generalized imitation approach as a response to challenges against the operant model of imitation.

Question 14

According to Baer and Sherman (1964) generalized imitation is maintained by:

Accepted Answer

Generalized imitation is maintained by the correspondence between what is observed and what is performed, as it involves the ability to imitate a variety of behaviors after observing them.

Question 15

A complex behavior pattern can only be learned by observation if:

Accepted Answer

The component skills need to be established for the observer to effectively learn and replicate a complex behavior pattern through observation.

Question 16

For Skinner (1969), rules are:

Accepted Answer

Skinner (1969) viewed rules as verbal descriptions of the operating contingencies, meaning they describe the relationship between actions and their consequences in the environment. This perspective emphasizes the role of language in guiding behavior by specifying the conditions under which certain consequences will follow specific actions.

Question 17

Precurrent behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Precurrent behavior is an operant that occurs before another response, often setting the occasion for or facilitating the subsequent behavior.

Question 18

Recent research on generalized imitation using infants less than 2 years old has, generally, found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research on generalized imitation using infants...

Question 19

Mirror neurons have the dual function of:

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are specialized neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe the same action being performed by another. This dual function is crucial for understanding and imitating others' actions, playing a significant role in social cognition and learning.

Question 20

The theoretical value of Baer's work, as illustrated by the case of Marilla, supports the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Baer's work emphasizes that complex human behaviors can emerge from the interplay of simple behavioral principles. This concept is foundational in behavior analysis, suggesting that even intricate actions can be understood and shaped through basic principles of behavior.

Quiz 11: Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

A large part of socialization involves arranging social reinforcement for _________ between what is _ and what is done.