Question 1

Self-esteem refers to the positivity of a person's self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is a measure of how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself, reflecting a positive or negative orientation towards one's self-concept.

Question 2

Social comparison is a basic human tendency.

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory, proposed by Leon Festinger in 1954, suggests that individuals have a basic drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities, often in comparison to others, as a way to reduce uncertainty in these domains and learn how to define the self.

Question 3

Fred Johnson lives, eats, and breathes pro football. His favorite team is the Dallas Cowboys. His home looks like a Dallas Cowboy's museum. Which level of the extended self would most likely apply to Fred's situation?

Accepted Answer

Fred's strong identification with the Dallas Cowboys and his home being a tribute to the team suggests that his sense of self is tied to the group level, where his identity is connected to a group he is passionate about.

Question 4

People appear to favor features we associate with good health and ________ because these signal reproductive ability and strength.

Accepted Answer

Youth is often associated with good health and vitality, which are traits that signal reproductive ability and strength, making it a characteristic that people are biologically predisposed to favor.

Question 5

Western cultures tend to subscribe to an independent understanding of the self, which emphasizes the inherent separateness of each individual.

Accepted Answer

Western cultures often emphasize individualism, where the concept of self is seen as distinct and autonomous, focusing on personal goals and independence.

Question 6

People tend to pattern their behavior on the perceived expectations of others, which is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "Pygmalion effect," where individuals adjust their behavior based on the expectations set by others, leading to those expectations becoming a reality.

Question 7

Men are more likely to use a woman's body shape as a sexual cue. One explanation of this phenomenon is that feminine curves provide evidence of ________.

Accepted Answer

Feminine curves are often interpreted as indicators of reproductive potential, as they can signal fertility and health, which are important factors in natural selection and evolutionary psychology.

Question 8

Personal objects, places, and things allow people to feel that they are rooted in their larger social environments. The home can be symbolic for the extended self. Which of the following categories or levels of the extended self would the home most likely be associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

The home is often considered an extension of the self at the family level because it is a shared space that reflects the collective identity and values of the family unit.

Question 9

The U.S. government estimates that approximately ________ of American adults are overweight or obese.

Accepted Answer

According to recent estimates by the U.S. government, about 66 percent of American adults are considered to be overweight or obese. This reflects a significant public health concern regarding dietary habits and physical activity levels in the United States.

Question 10

________ refers to the positivity of a person's self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to how much we value ourselves and perceive our value to others. It is about the positivity or negativity of our self-concept, which is essentially how we view ourselves in terms of worth and value.

Question 11

Power posing is standing in a confident way even if you don't feel confident.

Accepted Answer

Power posing involves adopting expansive, open postures that are associated with dominance and confidence, even if one does not initially feel confident, with the aim of increasing self-confidence and reducing stress.

Question 12

Mary Jane is a very conservative businesswoman by day. However, when she decides to "go out on the town," she likes to party and "kick up her heels." This would be an example of a reaction due to the fact that many consumers ________.

Accepted Answer

Mary Jane's behavior exemplifies the concept that consumers have multiple selves, meaning they may present different aspects of their personalities in different contexts or situations.

Question 13

Studies suggest that men and women who are exposed to beautiful models in advertisements are likely to alter their perceptions of their own body shapes.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to idealized body images in media can lead to body dissatisfaction and altered perceptions of one's own body shape among both men and women, as individuals may compare themselves to these unrealistic standards.

Question 14

Rudi Gonzalez sees himself as being handsome rather than intellectual. Which of the following self-concept dimensions best applies to Rudi's view of himself?

Accepted Answer

Content refers to the specific beliefs individuals hold about themselves, such as being handsome or intellectual. Rudi's view of himself as handsome rather than intellectual directly relates to the content of his self-concept.

Question 15

A person's actual self is a person's conception of how he/she would like to be.

Accepted Answer

A person's actual self is their conception of who they actually are, while the concept of how they would like to be is referred to as their ideal self.

Question 16

When we act the way we assume others expect us to act we are practicing a ________.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when we act in ways that align with the expectations others have of us, thereby causing those expectations to come true.

Question 17

Understanding our social roles is part of our ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Understanding our social roles is part of...

Question 18

Many of the props and settings consumers use to define their social roles become part of themselves. For example, one of Mary Bennett's last requests was that when she died, she wanted to be buried in her favorite dress. This situation illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

The situation illustrates the concept of the "extended self," where personal possessions or items closely associated with an individual become part of their identity or self-concept. Mary Bennett wanting to be buried in her favorite dress shows how that dress had become an extension of herself.

Question 19

There are many props and settings consumers use to define their social roles which then become parts of their selves. Those external objects that we consider a part of us constitute the ________.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "extended self," which refers to the external objects, possessions, and properties that individuals consider a part of their identity and self-concept.

Question 20

Which of the following is a level of a people extended self?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the extended self encompasses various levels through which individuals define their identity, including the individual level (personal possessions), family level (residence and furnishings), and community level (neighborhood or town). These levels collectively contribute to how people perceive their extended selves, integrating personal, social, and communal aspects.

Quiz 6: The Self: Mind, Gender, and Body