Question 1

Endomorph is to ectomorph as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Endomorphs are characterized by a higher percentage of body fat, while ectomorphs are characterized by being leaner or thinner.

Question 2

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of conscientiousness

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness in the Five-Factor Model refers to how organized, thorough, and responsible an individual is. It encompasses qualities such as discipline and achievement orientation, making option B the correct description.

Question 3

The _______ is the most widely administered personality test in the world.

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most widely administered personality test in the world, used by businesses, schools, and in various counseling settings for personality assessment and research.

Question 4

Which of the following early personality theorists is associated with the use of the terms endomorph and ectomorph

Accepted Answer

Sheldon is the theorist who introduced the concept of body types (somatotypes) including endomorph, ectomorph, and mesomorph, and related these body types to personality traits.

Question 5

Which of the following defines somatology

Accepted Answer

Somatology is the study of how personality is expressed in body type.

Question 6

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses each of the four dimensions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assesses personality based on four dimensions: thinking vs. feeling, judging vs. perceiving, sensing vs. intuiting, and introversion vs. extraversion. Individualism vs. collectivism is not a dimension assessed by the MBTI; it is a concept often discussed in cultural psychology.

Question 7

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of openness to experience

Accepted Answer

Openness to experience in the Five-Factor Model refers to an individual's willingness to try new things, their appreciation for art, adventure, and varied experiences. This dimension contrasts with traits focused on discipline, achievement (Conscientiousness), or the tendency to experience specific emotions (which relate to Neuroticism and Extraversion).

Question 8

____________ act in ways to stand out from others. By contrast, _________ acts in ways to emphasize their similarity to others.

Accepted Answer

Individualists prioritize personal goals and values over group goals, leading them to act in ways that highlight their uniqueness. Collectivists, on the other hand, prioritize group goals over personal ones, leading them to act in ways that emphasize their similarity to others.

Question 9

According to your text, scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator change over time and scores do not relate to other measures of personality . The clauses in this quotation question the MBTI's ________ and its __________ respectively.

Accepted Answer

The first clause questions the MBTI's reliability because it suggests that the test does not consistently produce the same results over time. The second clause questions the MBTI's validity because it suggests that the test scores do not correlate with other measures of personality, indicating that it may not accurately measure what it claims to.

Question 10

Which of the following defines physiognomy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following defines physiognomy
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Question 11

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of extroversion

Accepted Answer

Extroversion in the Five-Factor Model is characterized by a tendency to experience positive emotions, such as enthusiasm and energy, which is what option C describes.

Question 12

Self-esteem and self-consciousness are examples of personality ___________.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem and self-consciousness are considered traits, which are enduring characteristics that influence behavior and personality.

Question 13

Early personality theories assumed that personality was expressed in people's physical appearance. Which alternative correctly matches an early approach with a definition

Accepted Answer

Physiognomy is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, especially the face. This contrasts with phrenology and somatology, which focus on the skull and body type, respectively.

Question 14

Which of the following early approaches to personality has enjoyed at least some empirical support

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following early approaches to...

Question 15

There are nearly _________ English words that can be used to describe people.

Accepted Answer

There are nearly 20,000 English words that can be used to describe people, encompassing a wide range of adjectives and terms.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT among the early trait theorists mentioned in your text

Accepted Answer

Sheldon is not among the early trait theorists mentioned in the context provided. While Cattell, Allport, and Eysenck are recognized for their contributions to trait theory in psychology, Sheldon is better known for his work on somatotypes, which is a different area of study.

Question 17

Belva invests a portion of her paycheck in high-risk stocks. She believes that an aggressive investment strategy will yield the highest returns in the long run. Mortie invests his money in more conservative government bonds to minimize his chances of losing money. Belva displays a __________. Mortie reflects a __________.

Accepted Answer

Belva's approach is a promotion orientation because she is focused on gains and advancing her financial situation, despite the risks. Mortie's approach is a prevention orientation because he is focused on security and avoiding losses.

Question 18

Which of the following defines phrenology

Accepted Answer

Phrenology is the pseudoscientific practice of assessing a person's character or personality based on the shape of their skull.

Question 19

Early personality theories assumed that personality was expressed in people's physical appearance. Which alternative correctly matches an early theorist with an approach

Accepted Answer

None of the options correctly match the theorists with their approaches. Gall is known for phrenology, not physiognomy or somatology, and Sheldon is known for somatology, not phrenology.

Question 20

Psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the pattern of enduring characteristics that lend stability and consistency to an individual's behavior and serve to differentiate one individual from another.

Accepted Answer

Personality is the term used by psychologists to describe the enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It encompasses the stability and consistency in behaviors and traits that differentiate one individual from another.

Quiz 12: Personality

Endomorph is to ectomorph as is to .