Question 1

List and describe two characteristics of parenting practices that promote psychological androgyny in children.

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Question 2

Describe the qualities associated with expressive and instrumental traits.

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Question 3

Describe testicular feminization syndrome, and gender-role development in individuals with this syndrome.

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Question 4

Outline the developmental course of gender-role stereotypes from late infancy through the elementary school years.

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Question 5

In addition to those identified by Maccoby and Jacklin, recent research has identified five additional sex differences.List and describe the differences that exist in each of these areas.

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Question 6

Describe sex differences in the display of gender-typed behaviour during the preschool and grade-school years, and discuss two potential reasons as to why these differences might occur.

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Question 7

Explain when gender segregation intensifies.What are two explanations for why this occurs?

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Question 8

Briefly outline the key aspects of Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory of gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

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Question 9

Explain the term stereotype threat, and give an example of a stereotype threat that applies to sex differences.

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Question 10

Briefly outline the major steps in the process of sexual differentiation beginning at conception.

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Question 11

Discuss gender typing and gender role development in terms of cross-cultural (or subcultural) differences.How might culture shape our gender perceptions? As well, how might our perceptions change from generation to generation?

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Question 12

What proportion of university students display psychological androgyny, and how does psychological androgyny appear to influence an individual's overall psychological adjustment?

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Question 13

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of sex and gender, sexuality, and the differences between males and females.

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Question 14

Outline changes in children's preferences for same-sex or other-sex playmates from late infancy thorough to preadolescence.

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Question 15

Briefly outline the key aspects of Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

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Question 16

Explain what is meant by the term psychological androgyny.

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Question 17

Explain what a gender-role standard is, and provide an example to illustrate your explanation.

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Question 18

Briefly outline the key aspects of social learning theories of gender typing and gender-role development.What criticisms have been brought against this theoretical perspective?

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Question 19

According to an integrative approach to understanding gender typing and gender-role development, the key factors that influence these processes change during early development.List the factors that are most influential during the following developmental periods: (a) the prenatal period, (b) the first three years of infancy and toddlerhood, (c) the preschool and early school years (ages 3 to 6), (d) the elementary school years (age 7 to puberty), and (e) puberty and beyond.

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Question 20

Explain the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy, and discuss how cultural myths may contribute to sex differences in ability.

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Quiz 14: Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development