Question 1

Starch and glycogen are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides, which are carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units.

Question 2

Ribose and deoxyribose are examples of what type of organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Ribose and deoxyribose are examples of carbohydrates, specifically monosaccharides, which are simple sugars. They are important components of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA, respectively), but as molecules, they are classified as carbohydrates.

Question 3

When atoms form bonds by sharing electrons, the bond formed is a(an) __________bond.

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, creating a stable molecule.

Question 4

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is an example of an __________ compound.

Accepted Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ is glucose, a carbohydrate, which is an organic compound because it contains carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.

Question 5

What is the atomic number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which in this case is 12.

Question 6

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are disaccharides, which are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide molecules linked together.

Question 7

Atom X gains one electron, and Atom Y loses one. As a result, Atom X becomes __________ charged, Atom Y becomes __________ charged, and a(n) __________ bond can form.

Accepted Answer

When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged, and when an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged. The transfer of electrons and the resulting opposite charges lead to the formation of an ionic bond.

Question 8

Overall, the electrical charge of a nucleus of an atom is always __________.

Accepted Answer

The nucleus of an atom contains protons, which are positively charged, and neutrons, which have no charge. Therefore, the overall charge of a nucleus is always positive.

Question 9

An atom of oxygen has an atomic weight of 8. Its isotope with an atomic weight of 15 would have __________ neutrons in its nucleus.

Accepted Answer

The atomic number of oxygen (which is equal to the number of protons) is 8. The atomic weight or mass number of an isotope represents the sum of protons and neutrons. Therefore, for an isotope of oxygen with an atomic weight of 15, the number of neutrons is 15 (atomic weight) - 8 (protons) = 7 neutrons.

Question 10

A __________ is a substance that dissolves in another substance, called the __________.

Accepted Answer

A solute is a substance that dissolves in another substance, which is called the solvent.

Question 11

What type of chemical bonds are, individually, relatively weak but, collectively, are strong enough to be responsible for the surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds, individually, are relatively weak compared to covalent and ionic bonds. However, collectively, they can exert a strong force, such as contributing significantly to the surface tension of water. This is because water molecules are polar, allowing the positive end (hydrogen) of one water molecule to be attracted to the negative end (oxygen) of another water molecule, forming a network of hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

Galactose, glucose, and fructose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Galactose, glucose, and fructose are all simple sugars, classified as monosaccharides, which are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Question 13

Atoms that lose or gain electrons become electrically charged particles called __________.

Accepted Answer

Atoms that lose or gain electrons become ions, which are electrically charged particles. Losing electrons results in a positive charge (cation), while gaining electrons results in a negative charge (anion).

Question 14

Three atoms have the following subatomic particles:Atom 1: 3 protons, 2 neutrons, 3 electronsAtom 2: 3 protons, 3 neutrons, 2 electronsAtom 3: 3 protons, 1 neutron, 3 electronsWhich statement best describes these three atoms?

Accepted Answer

CA) All three atoms have the same number of protons (3), which means they are all the same element. The differing number of neutrons means they are isotopes of each other.C) Two of the atoms (Atom 1 and Atom 3) have a different number of electrons compared to protons, making them ions. Atom 2 is also an ion due to having more protons than electrons.

Question 15

Within a water molecule, the shared electrons forming the bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom spend more time at the oxygen end of the molecule than at the hydrogen end. These are examples of __________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds occur when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule, leading to a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other. In water molecules, the electrons are more attracted to the oxygen atom than to the hydrogen atoms, creating a polar covalent bond.

Question 16

Addition of lactic acid to a solution will result in a(n) __________ in the pH of the solution.

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid is an acid; adding it to a solution increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which lowers the pH of the solution, indicating it becomes more acidic.

Question 17

What is the normal range for blood pH?

Accepted Answer

The normal range for blood pH is 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly alkaline. This range is crucial for the proper functioning of bodily processes.

Question 18

Solution A has a pH of 6 and Solution B has a pH of 3. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Therefore, a pH difference of 3 (from pH 6 to pH 3) means Solution B is $10 \times 10 \times 10 = 1000$ times more acidic, or has 1000 times more hydrogen ions ($H^+$), than Solution A.

Question 19

Which atom will become a positively charged ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom becomes a positively charged ion, known as a cation, when it loses an electron. Losing an electron means losing a negative charge, which results in a net positive charge.

Question 20

What is the atomic weight for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

The atomic weight of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons, which in this case is 12 (protons) + 11 (neutrons) = 23.

Quiz 2: Chemical Basis of Life

Starch and glycogen are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Ribose and deoxyribose are examples of what type of organic molecule?

When atoms form bonds by sharing electrons, the bond formed is a(an) __________bond.

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is an example of an __________ compound.

What is the atomic number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Atom X gains one electron, and Atom Y loses one. As a result, Atom X becomes charged, Atom Y becomes charged, and a(n) __ bond can form.

Overall, the electrical charge of a nucleus of an atom is always __________.

An atom of oxygen has an atomic weight of 8. Its isotope with an atomic weight of 15 would have __________ neutrons in its nucleus.

A is a substance that dissolves in another substance, called the .

What type of chemical bonds are, individually, relatively weak but, collectively, are strong enough to be responsible for the surface tension of water?

Galactose, glucose, and fructose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Atoms that lose or gain electrons become electrically charged particles called __________.

Three atoms have the following subatomic particles:Atom 1: 3 protons, 2 neutrons, 3 electronsAtom 2: 3 protons, 3 neutrons, 2 electronsAtom 3: 3 protons, 1 neutron, 3 electronsWhich statement best describes these three atoms?

Within a water molecule, the shared electrons forming the bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom spend more time at the oxygen end of the molecule than at the hydrogen end. These are examples of __________ bonds.

Addition of lactic acid to a solution will result in a(n) __________ in the pH of the solution.

What is the normal range for blood pH?

Solution A has a pH of 6 and Solution B has a pH of 3. Which statement is correct?

Which atom will become a positively charged ion?

What is the atomic weight for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

Quiz 2: Chemical Basis of Life

Starch and glycogen are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Ribose and deoxyribose are examples of what type of organic molecule?

When atoms form bonds by sharing electrons, the bond formed is a(an) __________bond.

C 6H 12O 6 is an example of an __________ compound.

What is the atomic number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Atom X gains one electron, and Atom Y loses one. As a result, Atom X becomes __________ charged, Atom Y becomes __________ charged, and a(n) __________ bond can form.

Overall, the electrical charge of a nucleus of an atom is always __________.

An atom of oxygen has an atomic weight of 8. Its isotope with an atomic weight of 15 would have __________ neutrons in its nucleus.

A __________ is a substance that dissolves in another substance, called the __________.

What type of chemical bonds are, individually, relatively weak but, collectively, are strong enough to be responsible for the surface tension of water?

Galactose, glucose, and fructose are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Atoms that lose or gain electrons become electrically charged particles called __________.

Three atoms have the following subatomic particles:Atom 1: 3 protons, 2 neutrons, 3 electronsAtom 2: 3 protons, 3 neutrons, 2 electronsAtom 3: 3 protons, 1 neutron, 3 electronsWhich statement best describes these three atoms?

Within a water molecule, the shared electrons forming the bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom spend more time at the oxygen end of the molecule than at the hydrogen end. These are examples of __________ bonds.

Addition of lactic acid to a solution will result in a(n) __________ in the pH of the solution.

What is the normal range for blood pH?

Solution A has a pH of 6 and Solution B has a pH of 3. Which statement is correct?

Which atom will become a positively charged ion?

What is the atomic weight for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆ is an example of an __________ compound.

Atom X gains one electron, and Atom Y loses one. As a result, Atom X becomes charged, Atom Y becomes charged, and a(n) __ bond can form.

A is a substance that dissolves in another substance, called the .