Question 1

The membrane that separates the brain's cerebellum from its cerebrum is the:
A) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Falx cerebri
C) Arachnoid membrane
D) Falx cerebelli

Accepted Answer

The tentorium cerebelli is a membrane that separates the cerebellum below from the cerebral structures above.The remaining options do not perform the function described in the stem.

Question 2

The neurotransmitter,norepinephrine,is secreted in the:
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic preganglion
C) Sympathetic postganglion
D) Parasympathetic postganglion

Accepted Answer

Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine (adrenaline).The remaining options do not reflect the correct site of norepinephrine secretion.

Question 3

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?
A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Accepted Answer

The nuclei of cranial nerves V through VIII

Question 4

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Diencephalon
D) Brainstem

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture.This role is not assumed by any of the remaining options.

Question 5

During a synapse,what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?
A) The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane potential is changed as well.
B) The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes; consequently, its membrane potential is changed as well.
C) The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action potential.
D) The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

The binding of the neurotransmitter at the receptor site changes the permeability of the postsynaptic neuron and,consequently,its membrane potential.The remaining options do not accurately describe the occurrence.

Question 6

Which nerves are capable of regeneration?
A) Nerves within the brain and spinal cord
B) Peripheral nerves that are cut or severed
C) Myelinated nerves in the peripheral nervous system
D) Unmyelinated nerves of the peripheral nervous system

Accepted Answer

Nerve regeneration is limited to only myelinated fibers and generally occurs only in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 7

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?
A) Thalamus
B) Epithalamus
C) Subthalamus
D) Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic function falls into two major areas: (1)maintenance of a constant internal environment,and (2)implementation of behavioral patterns.The remaining options do not address these functions.

Question 8

Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?
A) Large nonmyelinated
B) Large myelinated
C) Small nonmyelinated
D) Small myelinated

Accepted Answer

If the myelin layer is tightly wrapped many times around the axon and is forming the nodes of Ranvier,then conduction velocity increases and the neuron is referred to as myelinated.The increased diameter of the myelinated axons allows for the transmission of impulses at a faster rate.The other options do not affect nervous impulse transmission rates.

Question 9

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect,both emotional and behavioral states?
A) Hypothalamus and subthalamus
B) Parietal and frontal lobes
C) Limbic system and prefrontal cortex
D) Basal ganglia and medulla oblongata

Accepted Answer

Extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex mediate the expression of affect,both emotional and behavioral states.The remaining options are not involved in these expressions.

Question 10

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate,blood pressure,respirations,sneezing,swallowing,and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?
A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata makes up the myelencephalon and is the lowest portion of the brainstem.Reflex activities,such as heart rate,respiration,blood pressure,coughing,sneezing,swallowing,and vomiting,are controlled only in this area.

Question 11

The function of arachnoid villi is to:
A) Produce cerebrospinal fluid
B) Provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses
C) Transmit impulses within the meninges
D) Absorb cerebrospinal fluid into the cerebral venous sinuses

Accepted Answer

CSF is reabsorbed by means of a pressure gradient between the arachnoid villi and the cerebral venous sinuses.The remaining options do not accurately describe the function of arachnoid villi.

Question 12

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which area of the brain?
A) Thalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Basal ganglia

Accepted Answer

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are conditions associated with defects of the basal ganglia.No current research supports the role of any of the other options in these diseases.

Question 13

The region responsible for the motor aspects of speech is located in the:
A) Wernicke area in the temporal lobe
B) Broca area in the frontal lobe
C) Wronka area in the parietal lobe
D) Barlow area in the occipital lobe

Accepted Answer

Broca speech area is the only region responsible for the motor aspects of speech.

Question 14

The ability of the eyes to track moving objects through a visual field is primarily a function of which colliculi?
A) Inferior
B) Superior
C) Mid
D) Posterior

Accepted Answer

The superior colliculi are involved with voluntary and involuntary visual motor movements (e.g.,the ability of the eyes to track moving objects in the visual field).Tracking moving objects is not the primary function of the remaining options.

Question 15

Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?
A) Cerebellum
B) Limbic system
C) Prefrontal lobe
D) Occipital lobe

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (i.e.,ability to concentrate),short-term or recall memory,and the elaboration of thought and inhibition on the limbic (emotional)areas of the CNS.The remaining options are not involved in these functions.

Question 16

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?
A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Lateral colliculi

Accepted Answer

The nuclei of cranial nerves IX through XII

Question 17

Which statement is true regarding upper motor neurons?
A) Upper motor neurons directly influence muscles.
B) They modify spinal reflex arcs.
C) Upper motor neurons are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) They extend their dendritic processes out of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

Upper motor neurons (i.e.,corticospinal tract)are the classification of motor pathways completely contained within the CNS.Their primary roles include directing,influencing,and modifying reflex arcs,lower-level control centers,and motor and some sensory neurons.The remaining options do not accurately describe the characteristic functions of upper motor neurons.

Question 18

What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness?
A) Midbrain
B) Reticular activating system
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Pons

Accepted Answer

The reticular activating system is essential for maintaining wakefulness.The remaining options are not essential to this function.

Question 19

Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS)?
A) Ascending
B) Descending
C) Somatic
D) Efferent

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerve pathways can be afferent (ascending)pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS.The remaining options do not carry sensory information to the CNS.

Question 20

Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to:
A) Form a myelin sheath
B) Remove cellular debris
C) Transport nutrients
D) Line the ventricles

Accepted Answer

The function of oligodendroglia (oligodendrocytes)is to deposit myelin within the central nervous system (CNS).Oligodendroglia are the CNS counterpart of Schwann cells.The remaining options are not reflective of the common function of these structures.

Quiz 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

The membrane that separates the brain's cerebellum from its cerebrum is the:

The neurotransmitter,norepinephrine,is secreted in the:

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?

Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture?

During a synapse,what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?

Which nerves are capable of regeneration?

Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are main functions of which area of the brain?

Which type of axon transmits a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect,both emotional and behavioral states?

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate,blood pressure,respirations,sneezing,swallowing,and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain?

The function of arachnoid villi is to:

Parkinson and Huntington diseases are associated with defects in which area of the brain?

The region responsible for the motor aspects of speech is located in the:

The ability of the eyes to track moving objects through a visual field is primarily a function of which colliculi?

Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain?

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?

Which statement is true regarding upper motor neurons?

What name is given to a large network of neurons within the brainstem that is essential for maintaining wakefulness?

Which pathway carries sensory information toward the central nervous system (CNS) ?

Both oligodendroglia and Schwann cells share the ability to: