Question 1

In regard to setting up behavioural-change programmes that address the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which of the following is an accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

Women and men have different risk factors for HIV/AIDS, necessitating tailored behavioural-change programmes to effectively address these differences.

Question 2

When pain is induced after people are given a placebo, they feel less pain because

Accepted Answer

The endogenous opioid system is activated in response to the placebo, leading to the feeling of reduced pain. This is a physiological response, not just a reporting or psychological response.

Question 3

Steve and Diana have recently learned that they are HIV positive following sexual intercourse with infected partners.What changes in their behaviour should occur in the future?

Accepted Answer

Steve and Diana should adopt all the behaviors mentioned: ensuring condom use, disclosing their HIV status to future partners, and avoiding needle sharing to prevent further transmission of HIV.

Question 4

Research on the placebo effect is valuable because it

Accepted Answer

Research on the placebo effect is valuable because it highlights the complex interplay between biochemical and psychological factors, can inform the integration of placebo and drug treatments, and aids in understanding drug efficacy mechanisms.

Question 5

One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in California in which residents received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that served as the control group).The targeted condition in this effort was

Accepted Answer

The most common medical condition targeted by interventions to reduce risk factors is heart disease. This is because heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has a number of well-known risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. The fact that the three communities in California received different types of interventions (or no intervention) suggests that the study was designed to test the effectiveness of different approaches to reducing risk factors for heart disease.

Question 6

Discuss the relationship between stress, immune function and illness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the relationship between stress, immune function...

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT one of the procedures or types of information used as part of San Francisco's 1990 community-level programme to reduce new cases of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

The 1990 community-level program in San Francisco focused on practical measures to reduce HIV transmission, such as risk assessment, needle cleaning, and safe sex education, rather than moral or religious discussions.

Question 8

Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease and how the type A behaviour pattern relates to this process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss why stress is often implicated as...

Question 9

Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from men?

Accepted Answer

Women may become prostitutes due to economic deprivation, which can increase their risk of HIV/AIDS infection differently from men, as they may have less power to negotiate safe sex practices.

Question 10

Define and describe the new fields of behavioural medicine and health psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and describe the new fields of...

Question 11

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The highest risk of HIV/AIDS for women is typically between the ages of 15 and 25. This is due to a combination of biological, social, and economic factors that make young women particularly vulnerable to HIV infection.

Question 12

Discuss chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and chronic pain.Relate CFS to the condition known as neurasthenia.What psychological factors are thought to maintain chronic pain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and chronic...

Question 13

When high-risk individuals are given educational and informational pamphlets about ways to reduce their chances of becoming HIV positive, they typically

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that simply providing educational and informational pamphlets is often not sufficient to change high-risk behaviors, as behavior change is complex and influenced by various factors beyond just information.

Question 14

Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders.How effective are these treatments for stress management and pain relief?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation and...

Question 15

Which of the following factors does NOT accurately represent the circumstances regarding women and HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

The highest age of risk for women is actually between the ages of 15 and 24, not after age 25.

Quiz 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Physical Disorders and Health Psychology