Question 1

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is widely used for the detection of

Accepted Answer

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is a versatile diagnostic tool used for the detection of autoantibodies, antibodies to tissue antigens, and antibodies to cellular antigens, making it applicable in various fields of immunology and pathology.

Question 2

Chemiluminescence refers to

Accepted Answer

Chemiluminescence is the emission of light (luminescence) as a result of a chemical reaction without a significant increase in temperature, thus involving both A) light emitted and C) a chemical reaction.

Question 3

In a changing clinical environment, the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is

Accepted Answer

EIA can be less sensitive than IFA for detecting low ANA titers, making it problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 ANA titer.

Question 4

Match the assays and definitions.
-Direct immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

Direct immunofluorescence involves the use of antibodies that are directly conjugated to a fluorescent dye, allowing for the visualization of antigen-antibody reactions under a microscope.

Question 5

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Noncompetitive EIA

Accepted Answer

In a noncompetitive EIA, a specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface, allowing for the detection of antibodies in a sample.

Question 6

Match the assays and definitions.
-Indirect immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the assays and definitions.
-Indirect immunofluorescent assay
...

Question 7

FISH technology

Accepted Answer

FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) technology uses recombinant DNA technology to label DNA probes that hybridize to specific DNA sequences, allowing for the detection of specific chromosomal abnormalities. It is widely used in both hematopathology and oncology to identify chromosomal abnormalities associated with various diseases, including cancers.

Question 8

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA) is

Accepted Answer

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) does not use radioactive materials, unlike radioimmunoassay (RIA), thus eliminating the generation of radioactive waste.

Question 9

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.
-Competitive chemiluminescence

Accepted Answer

A competitive chemiluminescence assay involves a competition between labeled and unlabeled antigen for antibody-binding sites, as described in option A.

Question 10

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques are used as substitutes for

Accepted Answer

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques can serve as substitutes for radioisotopes and enzyme labels, offering a non-radioactive and often more convenient method for labeling and detecting molecules of interest.

Question 11

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.
-Sandwich immunoassay

Accepted Answer

In a sandwich immunoassay, the target antigen from the sample is captured by an antibody attached to a solid phase. Then, a second antibody, which is labeled with a chemiluminescent marker, binds to the antigen, forming a "sandwich" with the antigen in the middle. This format is described in option B.

Question 12

Chemiluminescent enzyme labels often used in indirect procedures are

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed, alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, and beta-galactosidase, are enzymes commonly used as chemiluminescent labels in various indirect detection methods in biochemistry and molecular biology.

Question 13

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.
-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Accepted Answer

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence complementarity. It is used for identifying and locating the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.

Question 14

Chemiluminescence

Accepted Answer

Chemiluminescence is known for its excellent sensitivity and dynamic range, making it a powerful tool in various analytical applications. Additionally, it does not require sample radiation, as the light emission is a result of a chemical reaction, not the excitation of molecules by external light or radiation sources.

Question 15

Magnetic labeling application uses

Accepted Answer

Magnetic labeling applications can utilize a variety of techniques including automated DNA sequencing, DNA probe technology, and gel electrophoresis, as all these methods can be enhanced or facilitated by the use of magnetic labels for the separation, detection, or manipulation of nucleic acids.

Question 16

Match the assays and definitions.
-Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

In an inhibition immunofluorescent assay, an antigen is first exposed to an unlabeled antibody, and then a labeled antibody is used to detect the antigen-antibody reaction.

Question 17

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA), an enzyme must exhibit

Accepted Answer

Enzymes used in enzyme immunoassays must be highly stable to ensure consistent results, exhibit extreme specificity to avoid cross-reactivity and false positives, and be absent from the antigen or antibody being tested to prevent interference with the assay's accuracy.

Question 18

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Capture EIA

Accepted Answer

Capture EIA involves attaching an antibody specific for a particular immunoglobulin (e.g., IgM or IgG) to a solid-phase surface to "capture" the target antibodies from the sample.

Question 19

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Competitive EIA

Accepted Answer

In a competitive EIA, the amount of color developed is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody present because both the sample antibody and a labeled antibody compete for binding sites on a specific antigen.

Question 20

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is

Accepted Answer

The indirect immunofluorescent assay is the most widely used serologic method for detecting a variety of antibodies because it allows for the amplification of the signal, making it easier to detect antibodies present at low concentrations.

Quiz 12: Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is widely used for the detection of

Chemiluminescence refers to

In a changing clinical environment, the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) . A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is

Match the assays and definitions. -Direct immunofluorescent assay

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Noncompetitive EIA

Match the assays and definitions. -Indirect immunofluorescent assay

FISH technology

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA) is

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description. -Competitive chemiluminescence

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques are used as substitutes for

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description. -Sandwich immunoassay

Chemiluminescent enzyme labels often used in indirect procedures are

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Chemiluminescence

Magnetic labeling application uses

Match the assays and definitions. -Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) , an enzyme must exhibit

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Capture EIA

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Competitive EIA

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is