Question 1

In a bar graph, the vertical axis represents:

Accepted Answer

The vertical axis in a bar graph typically represents the frequencies or number of cases in each category, showing how many instances fall into each category.

Question 2

A partial relationship would best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A partial relationship describes the connection between an independent and dependent variable within a specific category of a test variable, isolating the effect within that context.

Question 3

In table elaboration, when partial tables show an even stronger relationship between two variables than is found in the zero-order table, this is known as:

Accepted Answer

Suppression occurs when the inclusion of a third variable in the analysis increases the apparent relationship between two other variables, often seen when partial tables show a stronger relationship than the zero-order table.

Question 4

In table elaboration, a "test variable" could be best described as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In table elaboration, a "test variable" could...

Question 5

Table elaboration is most clearly a part of:

Accepted Answer

Table elaboration is a technique used in multivariate analysis to summarize and interpret the relationships among multiple variables.

Question 6

If a contingency table is a third-order partial table, then the number of variables controlled is:

Accepted Answer

A third-order partial table controls for two variables.

Question 7

Suppose that in a multivariate analysis the zero-order table shows a strong relationship between two variables while one partial table shows a strong relationship, and another partial table shows no relationship. This outcome is called:

Accepted Answer

Specification occurs when the relationship between two variables is strong in the zero-order table and in one partial table, but not in another, indicating that the relationship is dependent on a third variable.

Question 8

The graphing procedure in which a line graph is used to connect the midpoints of each category of the variable is called:

Accepted Answer

A frequency polygon is a graphing procedure where a line graph connects the midpoints of each category of the variable, typically used in statistics to represent the distribution of a dataset.

Question 9

If you find data cast into a contingency table, then which of the following statements is true

Accepted Answer

A contingency table is used to analyze the relationship between two or more categorical variables, making the analysis either bivariate or multivariate.

Question 10

You ask people two open-ended questions in a survey: what is your religious affiliation, and list the names of the magazines that you subscribe to. Develop a coding scheme for each of these variables and justify it as a good coding scheme.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You ask people two open-ended questions in...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of graphical display of data presented in the text

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 12

All of the following terms refer to outcomes that can occur when conducting table elaboration EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Interdependence is not a term used to describe an outcome of table elaboration. Table elaboration is a process in statistical analysis used to explore the relationships between variables, often to determine if a relationship is genuine or if it appears to be influenced by another variable. The outcomes of this process can include interpretation (understanding the relationship), explanation (clarifying how variables are related), and identifying spuriousness (a false relationship caused by a third variable). Interdependence, however, refers to a mutual dependence between things, which is not a specific outcome of table elaboration.

Question 13

According to the text, bar graphs are especially useful for representing data that:

Accepted Answer

Bar graphs are particularly suited for data that is categorized (nominal) or ranked (ordinal), as they visually represent comparisons among discrete categories or levels.

Question 14

The two preferred methods for graphing continuous data are:

Accepted Answer

Frequency polygons and histograms are the two preferred methods for graphing continuous data because they both effectively display the distribution of data points over a continuous interval, allowing for easy visualization of the shape of the data distribution.

Question 15

When the zero-order relationship is all or partly spurious and the test variable is temporally located before either the independent or the dependent variables, the situation is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

An antecedent variable relationship occurs when the test variable, which is temporally located before either the independent or the dependent variables, influences the observed relationship between them, making it appear spurious or partly spurious. This means the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is influenced or explained by another variable that comes before them in time.

Question 16

In table elaboration, when partial tables show a reduced relationship between the independent and dependent variables than was found in the zero-order table, this could be due to:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is indicative of spuriousness, where the observed relationship between the independent and dependent variables is actually caused by another variable not accounted for in the zero-order table. When controlling for this third variable, the relationship weakens, revealing it was not direct.

Question 17

The form of graph that is often used to show how budgets are divided over a number of categories is the:

Accepted Answer

Pie charts are commonly used to show how a total budget is divided into different categories, representing each category as a slice of the pie to visually compare their proportions.

Question 18

According to the conventions used in this text, contingency tables:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the conventions used in this...

Question 19

A percentage difference derived from a percentage table:

Accepted Answer

A percentage difference derived from a percentage table serves as a crude indicator of the strength of a relationship between variables in the table. It helps in understanding how strongly two or more categories are associated or differ from each other.

Question 20

The term bivariate statistics is used to describe statistics that:

Accepted Answer

Bivariate statistics are used to describe and analyze the relationship between two variables, focusing on the association and correlation between them.

Quiz 14: Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation