Question 1

Which statement best describes the process of secretion?

Accepted Answer

Secretion is the process by which substances are selectively moved from the blood or body fluid into the tubules of an excretory system, allowing for the elimination of excess ions and toxins.

Question 2

Which statement best explains the relatively high metabolic rate of kidneys compared to the other body organs?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys have a high metabolic rate primarily because they operate an extensive set of ion pumps to regulate the composition of blood, including the reabsorption of ions and water, and the excretion of waste products. This process requires significant energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

Juxtamedullary nephrons are characterized by their long loops of Henle, which extend deep into the medulla of the kidney. This structure is crucial for the concentration of urine.

Question 4

Researchers at a pharmaceutical company are working to develop a new drug that would cause a patient to produce urine that is less concentrated. Which of the following drugs would likely work best to produce this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A drug that opens sodium channels in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle would likely work best to produce less concentrated urine. This is because increasing sodium reabsorption in this part of the nephron would reduce the osmolarity of the surrounding interstitial fluid, thereby decreasing the reabsorption of water further down the nephron, leading to more dilute urine.

Question 5

Which process does not display solute specificity?

Accepted Answer

Filtration from the glomerular capillaries is a process that does not display solute specificity. It is primarily based on size and charge, allowing many different solutes to pass through the filtration barrier into the Bowman's capsule, independent of their specific type.

Question 6

Urolithiasis is a medical condition in which minerals stick together in concentrated urine, forming kidney stones. Suppose that a patient is diagnosed with urolithiasis and through ultrasound it is found that a kidney stone is blocking urine flow in the ureter. The flow of urine to which structure will be most directly affected by the blockage?

Accepted Answer

The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. If a kidney stone blocks the ureter, the flow of urine into the bladder will be most directly affected.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs in processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules?

Accepted Answer

The proximal and distal tubules play a role in maintaining the pH balance of body fluids by reabsorbing bicarbonate and secreting hydrogen ions.

Question 8

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in which of the following organisms?

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules are excretory organs found in insects, helping them to excrete waste products from their bodies.

Question 9

Which of the following stimuli is most likely to increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

ADH secretion increases in response to dehydration, such as that caused by sweating, to conserve water by reducing urine output.

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the question.  Which labeled structure identifies where filtration take place in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following figure to answer the...

Question 11

The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. Which statement best explains the advantage of this feature for osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

The loop of Henle, by having different permeabilities in its ascending and descending limbs, creates a counter-current multiplier system that is crucial for establishing an osmotic gradient in the kidney. This gradient allows for the reabsorption of water and solutes, which is essential for osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates, helping them conserve water and excrete waste efficiently.

Question 12

If you are hiking through the desert for several days, drinking which of the following would best ensure proper hydration?

Accepted Answer

A drink with a combination of water and electrolytes is best for proper hydration, especially in a desert environment, because it replenishes fluids and essential minerals lost through sweat.

Question 13

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys of vertebrates filter fluid under high hydrostatic pressure, a process central to their function in excreting waste products from the bloodstream. This system allows for the efficient removal of waste and the regulation of water and electrolyte balance.

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the question.  Which labeled structure identifies where passive water reabsorption takes place in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following figure to answer the...

Question 15

Which option correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal?

Accepted Answer

Flame bulbs (also known as protonephridia) are structures used for osmoregulation and excretion in flatworms, including planarians. They help to maintain the internal environment by regulating the balance of water and salts.

Question 16

Consuming alcohol results in increased urine excretion due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which normally helps the kidneys reabsorb water and reduce urine volume. With less ADH, the kidneys reabsorb less water, leading to increased urine production.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the question.  Which labeled structure is influenced by hormones to change the concentration of the urine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following figure to answer the...

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the question.  Which labeled structure identifies where selective secretion of toxins and drugs take place?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following figure to answer the...

Question 19

Which statement best describes the transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule is primarily driven by blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus. This process, known as filtration, allows water and small molecules to pass through while larger molecules and blood cells are retained.

Question 20

Which of the following can trigger osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system?

Accepted Answer

Drinking several glasses of water can trigger osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system.

Quiz 44: Animal Excretory Systems

Which statement best describes the process of secretion?

Which statement best explains the relatively high metabolic rate of kidneys compared to the other body organs?

Which of the following is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Researchers at a pharmaceutical company are working to develop a new drug that would cause a patient to produce urine that is less concentrated. Which of the following drugs would likely work best to produce this outcome?

Which process does not display solute specificity?

Which of the following occurs in processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules?

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in which of the following organisms?

Which of the following stimuli is most likely to increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure identifies where filtration take place in the kidney?

The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. Which statement best explains the advantage of this feature for osmoregulation in terrestrial vertebrates?

If you are hiking through the desert for several days, drinking which of the following would best ensure proper hydration?

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure identifies where passive water reabsorption takes place in the kidney?

Which option correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal?

Consuming alcohol results in increased urine excretion due to which of the following?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure is influenced by hormones to change the concentration of the urine?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which labeled structure identifies where selective secretion of toxins and drugs take place?

Which statement best describes the transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule?

Which of the following can trigger osmoregulatory adjustment via the atrial natriuretic peptide system?