Question 1

The BMR of José, an adult human male, is approximately 1,800 kcal/day. Suppose that José ate 2,400 kcal of food in one day and that walking at a slow pace "burns" approximately 150 kcal per hour. How many hours would José have to walk to have a net zero energy gain for the day?

Accepted Answer

José's net energy intake after eating 2,400 kcal and having a BMR of 1,800 kcal is 600 kcal (2,400 - 1,800). To burn 600 kcal at a rate of 150 kcal per hour, he would need to walk for 4 hours (600 / 150 = 4).

Question 2

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Elephants are likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure due to their large size and the corresponding high metabolic demands to maintain body functions. Larger animals generally have higher total energy needs, even though their energy expenditure per unit of body weight may be lower compared to smaller animals.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the impact of the environment on snake behavior?

Accepted Answer

Snakes are ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals, meaning they rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. In hot weather, snakes become more active because they can absorb heat from their surroundings, allowing them to be more mobile and energetic.

Question 4

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

Accepted Answer

The elephant would have the highest total annual energy expenditure due to its large size and the mouse would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass because smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate per body weight.

Question 5

Which daily quantity is the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate, independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm?

Accepted Answer

Water consumption is the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate because it can be influenced by many factors unrelated to metabolism, such as temperature, activity level, and the water content of food, making it less directly correlated with metabolic processes compared to food intake, heat generation, and oxygen consumption.

Question 6

Which of the following organisms is most likely to have the highest total annual energy expenditure per unit mass?

Accepted Answer

Mice have a higher metabolic rate per unit mass compared to larger animals like elephants, horses, and humans. This higher metabolic rate means they expend more energy per unit mass to maintain bodily functions.

Question 7

A body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is characterized by having an abundance of extracellular matrix, which is the material located outside of cells. This matrix can include fibers (like collagen and elastin) and ground substance, which supports, binds together, and protects tissues.

Question 8

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

If the reptile's body temperature and metabolic rate change with ambient temperature, it indicates that it relies on external sources for heat regulation, characteristic of ectotherms.

Question 9

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Birds living in desert environments face extreme temperatures and must regulate their body temperature to survive. This requires a significant amount of energy for thermoregulation, more so than the other animals listed, which are either ectothermic or live in more stable environments.

Question 10

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ________.

Accepted Answer

Larger cells have less surface area per unit of volume compared to smaller cells, making it more difficult for the cell to move materials in and out efficiently. This is because as a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area, leading to a decreased surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Question 11

Use the graph to answer the following question.  Which of the following statements is most consistent from the data in the graph?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the graph to answer the following...

Question 12

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs ________.

Accepted Answer

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs if it is growing and increasing its mass, as it needs extra resources to build tissues and expand its body size.

Question 13

Which statement is true about how standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are measured?

Accepted Answer

SMR (Standard Metabolic Rate) and BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) are both measured under conditions where the animal is at rest and has not eaten recently (fasting state), to ensure that the metabolic rate reflects the energy expenditure necessary to maintain basic physiological functions without the influence of recent food intake or physical activity.

Question 14

Researchers measure the heart rates, breathing rates, and blood volume (relative to body size) for two mammals (X and Y) and found that all three values were significantly higher in mammal X. Which option in the table best compares mammals X and Y?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers measure the heart rates, breathing rates,...

Question 15

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent). Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is setting up an experiment...

Question 16

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

C) Wind blowing across the body surface increases the rate of heat exchange by enhancing convective heat loss, making it easier for an animal to either gain or lose heat to its environment, depending on the temperature difference.

Question 17

To study circadian rhythms in European hamsters, researchers measured mRNA levels for two clock genes (Per2 and Bmal1) in individuals who were not hibernating, and therefore had normal body temperature and individuals who were hibernating, and therefore had lower-than-normal body temperature. Both sets of individuals were kept in total darkness. The results are shown in the figure. Which statement is best supported using the data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of To study circadian rhythms in European hamsters,...

Question 18

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

Desert birds are endotherms, meaning they maintain a constant body temperature through metabolic processes, which requires a significant portion of their energy budget for homeostatic regulation, especially in extreme environments like deserts.

Quiz 40: The Animal Body