Question 1

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

The nail remains at the same height of 1.5 meters above the ground because trees grow from their tips, not from the base or middle of the trunk.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil?

Accepted Answer

The elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem provides the force that pushes the root tip through the soil, as these cells expand and lengthen, driving the root forward.

Question 3

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

Accepted Answer

The cell plate orientation during mitosis in the meristematic region dictates the direction of new cell wall formation, and thus, growth direction. If the cell plate is perpendicular to the side of the stem, it means cells are dividing in a way that adds to the stem's length, leading to vertical growth in height.

Question 4

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.  Refer to the figure. Which of the following represents a plant at least three years old?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following question is based on the...

Question 5

The veins of leaves are best described as which of the following?
I. composed of xylem and phloem
II. continuous, with vascular bundles in the stem
III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Accepted Answer

Veins in leaves are composed of xylem and phloem, ensuring the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars. They are continuous with the vascular bundles in the stem to maintain the flow of substances between the leaf and the rest of the plant. Additionally, they are finely branched to maximize contact with photosynthesizing cells, facilitating efficient exchange of water, nutrients, and sugars necessary for photosynthesis and plant growth.

Question 6

What is a consequence of monocot vascular bundles not having a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem?

Accepted Answer

The absence of a vascular cambium in monocots means they cannot undergo secondary growth, which is responsible for increasing the girth of stems and roots in dicots. This limits monocots to primary growth only, affecting their overall size and structure but not their efficiency in conducting water and sugars, stem thickness, or ability to produce lateral shoots directly.

Question 7

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem is produced by the activity of the vascular cambium, a type of lateral meristem, which contributes to the increase in thickness of plant stems and roots.

Question 8

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

Accepted Answer

The age of a twig can be determined by counting the number of apical bud scar rings. Each ring represents a year of growth, providing a clear indicator of the twig's age.

Question 9

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.  Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following question is based on the...

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the growth of most plant structures, except for flowers?

Accepted Answer

Most plant structures, except for flowers, exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning they continue to grow throughout the plant's life. Flowers typically have determinate growth, ceasing once they reach a certain size.

Question 11

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

The pericycle is the root tissue that gives rise to lateral roots. It is located just inside the endodermis and is responsible for the initiation of lateral root formation.

Question 12

Which of the following is unique to the shoot apical meristem region?
I. the region of cell division
II. leaf primordia
III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

Accepted Answer

Leaf primordia are unique to the shoot apical meristem region, where they develop into leaves. The region of cell division and cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium are not unique to the shoot apical meristem, as similar processes and structures can be found in other meristematic regions as well.

Question 13

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems and the leaves have determinate growth. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level, or slightly below, and the leaves have indeterminate growth from meristems at the base of each leaf. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Accepted Answer

Since the apical meristems of grasses are at or slightly below ground level, mowing one inch above ground level allows these meristems to continue producing new leaves, and because the meristems at the base of each leaf enable indeterminate growth, cut leaves can keep growing.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap toward the stem?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for the zones in the primary growth of a root from the root cap toward the stem is the zone of cell division, followed by the zone of elongation, and finally the zone of differentiation. This reflects the process where cells first divide, then elongate, and finally mature into their specialized forms.

Question 15

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

These cells are parenchyma cells, which are known for their loose packing, thin cell walls, and numerous chloroplasts, making them key in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plants.

Question 16

Which of the following is true for an emerging lateral root to function?

Accepted Answer

For a lateral root to function properly, it must establish a connection with the vascular system of the original root. This ensures that the lateral root can transport water and nutrients effectively. The xylem of the new lateral root connects to the xylem of the original root, facilitating this essential transport.

Question 17

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What should you conclude about the plant?

Accepted Answer

Monocots are characterized by having vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section, unlike eudicots which typically have them arranged in a ring. This feature helps in identifying the plant as a monocot.

Question 18

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Shoot elongation is primarily due to cell elongation localized in each internode, which increases the length of the shoot.

Question 19

A plant that grows one year, without flowering, and then grows again the following year and produces flowers before it dies is described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Biennials are plants that complete their life cycle in two years. In the first year, they grow vegetatively, and in the second year, they flower, produce seeds, and then die.

Question 20

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.  Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following question is based on the...

Quiz 35: Plant Structure and Growth

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Which of the following best describes the driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil?

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. Which of the following represents a plant at least three years old?

The veins of leaves are best described as which of the following? I. composed of xylem and phloem II. continuous, with vascular bundles in the stem III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

What is a consequence of monocot vascular bundles not having a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem?

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by which of the following?

Which of the following best describes the growth of most plant structures, except for flowers?

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Which of the following is unique to the shoot apical meristem region? I. the region of cell division II. leaf primordia III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap toward the stem?

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Which of the following is true for an emerging lateral root to function?

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What should you conclude about the plant?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to which of the following?

A plant that grows one year, without flowering, and then grows again the following year and produces flowers before it dies is described as which of the following?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by which of the following?