Question 1

In In re Winship, the Supreme Court required the government to prove______ that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency.

Accepted Answer

In re Winship held that proof beyond a reasonable doubt is required in juvenile delinquency cases in which a juvenile can be committed to a state institution.

Question 2

The ruling in ____________ (1970)8 required the government to prove "beyond a reasonable doubt" that a juvenile had committed an act of delinquency, raising the burden of proof from a "preponderance of the evidence."

Accepted Answer

The ruling in "In re Winship" (1970) established the standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt" for juvenile delinquency proceedings, aligning it with the standard used in adult criminal cases.

Question 3

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court forbade the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when they committed their crimes.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed by individuals under the age of 18.

Question 4

The average gang member is______ years old.

Accepted Answer

The average age of gang members is typically around 17-18 years old, as many individuals join gangs during their teenage years.

Question 5

A youth gang is viewed as a group of _____or more persons who self-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community by special clothing, vocabulary, hand signals, and name, and engage in criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

A youth gang is viewed as a group of three or more persons who self-identify themselves as an entity separate from the community by special clothing, vocabulary, hand signals, and name, and engage in criminal activity. This definition is widely accepted by law enforcement agencies and academic researchers.

Question 6

What form of child abuse occurs when the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter, food, care, and love?

Accepted Answer

Child neglect is a form of abuse where a child's basic needs such as shelter, food, care, and love are not met.

Question 7

A particular problem area for girls appears to be the crime of:

Accepted Answer

Research shows that assault is a particular problem area for girls. Girls are more likely to be victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, and they are also more likely to use aggressive behavior to defend themselves or retaliate. However, it is important to note that girls' involvement in all types of crime has been on the rise in recent years.

Question 8

A juvenile who has been found to have engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age is referred to as a .

Accepted Answer

A status offender is a juvenile who has engaged in behavior that is not against the law for adults but is considered unacceptable for minors, such as truancy or running away from home.

Question 9

Which crime is most often committed by juveniles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which crime is most often committed by...

Question 10

Drug use has been shown to be a strong risk factor for which category of juveniles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drug use has been shown to be...

Question 11

In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already been adjudicated in a juvenile court?

Accepted Answer

Breed v. Jones is the case in which the Supreme Court held that the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already been adjudicated in a juvenile court.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT considered a status offense?

Accepted Answer

Drinking and driving is not a status offense; it is illegal for individuals of any age. Status offenses are activities considered offenses only because of the age of the offender, such as running away, truancy, and smoking cigarettes for minors.

Question 13

Which was the first court case to extend due process rights to children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which was the first court case to...

Question 14

By definition,______ is a term used to explain the fact that criminal activity declines with age.

Accepted Answer

"Aging out" is the term used to explain the fact that criminal activity tends to decline with age. As individuals mature and enter adulthood, they may become less likely to engage in crime due to factors such as increased responsibilities, social norms, and changes in brain development.

Question 15

In ________________ (2010), the Court held that juveniles who commit crimes that do not involve murder may not be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ________________ (2010), the Court held that...

Question 16

The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act in ______.

Accepted Answer

The Illinois Juvenile Court Act was passed in 1899, establishing the first juvenile court in the United States.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement?

Accepted Answer

The child-saving movement believed in rehabilitation and treatment rather than punishment, focusing on reforming juveniles rather than incarcerating them in adult facilities.

Question 18

The "chronic six percent" are responsible for ______of all crimes and two thirds of all violent crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "chronic six percent" are responsible for...

Question 19

The infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child without any plausible explanation, such as an accident, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Child abuse refers specifically to the intentional and unjustified harm to a child, including physical, emotional, sexual, or neglectful harm. Child endangerment involves knowingly placing a child in a potentially harmful or dangerous situation, while child maltreatment and mistreatment are broader terms that encompass a variety of actions or inactions that may harm a child, including neglect, emotional abuse, or exploitation. However, child abuse is the most precise term for the specific form of harm mentioned in the question.

Question 20

Though overall rates of juvenile offending have been dropping, the one particular group of juveniles that has become more involved in the juvenile justice system than ever before is that of:

Accepted Answer

Girls have become more involved in the juvenile justice system in recent years, despite the overall decline in juvenile offending rates.

Quiz 13: The Juvenile Justice System