Question 1

Recent research from the University of Toronto found that _____ of post-partum women were depressed.
A) Less than 5%
B) 5-10%
C) 11-15%
D) More than 16%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research from the University of Toronto...

Question 2

What disorder did Suzanne Killinger-Johnson appear to be suffering from when she jumped in front of an oncoming subway car in Toronto in 2000, taking her own life and that of her infant son's?
A) Dissociative fugue
B) Schizophrenia
C) Postpartum depression
D) Polysubstance abuse

Accepted Answer

Suzanne Killinger-Johnson appeared to be suffering from postpartum depression when she jumped in front of an oncoming subway car in Toronto in 2000, taking her own life and that of her infant son's. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can occur in women after giving birth and can cause extreme sadness, anxiety, and difficulty coping with daily life.

Question 3

Which of the following is a similarity between Beck's and Freud's theories of depression?
A) Both believe that anger is the root of depression.
B) Both emphasize the depressive's illogical view of the world.
C) Both consider negative life events to be important in the development of depression.
D) Both focus on the experience of loss in the development of depression.

Accepted Answer

Both Beck and Freud believe that negative life events are important in the development of depression. While they differ in their specific views on the role of anger and loss, they both emphasize the impact of external events on the internal experience of the depressive.

Question 4

Central to most psychological theories of depression is the notion that the development of depression requires a:
A) diathesis
B) genetic contribution
C) trauma to have occurred early in life
D) problem with one's parents

Accepted Answer

A diathesis, or vulnerability, is viewed as necessary for depression to develop. This can be caused by genetic or environmental factors.

Question 5

Kathleen experiences pretty wild mood swings regularly. She always seems like she's up or down, but rarely, if ever, stable. Her symptoms are consistent with both depression and mania. She is most likely experiencing:
A) Melancholia
B) Mixed episode
C) Cyclothymic disorder
D) Psychotic features

Accepted Answer

Kathleen is experiencing symptoms consistent with both depression and mania, which is characteristic of a mixed episode. Melancholia refers specifically to a subtype of depression, Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by fluctuations between hypomanic and depressive states, and psychotic features indicate the presence of psychosis as a symptom, which is not necessarily present in Kathleen's case.

Question 6

Psychoanalytic views of mood disorders focus on the analogy between depression and
A) oedipal strivings.
B) mourning.
C) anal fixation.
D) attachment.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic views of mood disorders often focus on the analogy between depression and mourning, as both involve feelings of loss and sadness. The theory suggests that depression results from unresolved feelings of loss or grief, often related to childhood experiences or past relationships. Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options (A, C, and D) are not directly related to mood disorders from a psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 7

Who is most at risk for developing depression?
A) A single mother with two children aged 2 and 4
B) A married mother with two children aged 2 and 4
C) A single mother with two children aged 12 and 14
D) A married mother with two children aged 12 and 14

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that being a single parent is a risk factor for developing depression. Additionally, having young children may increase stress and limit social support.

Question 8

According to Freud's theory, a depressed person is fixated in which stage of development?
A) Oral
B) Anal
C) Genital
D) Phallic

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that depression resulted from an oral fixation, indicating that the person failed to move past the oral stage of development, which occurs from birth to around 18 months of age. This stage is characterized by an infant's satisfaction of their needs through their mouth.

Question 9

According to empirical research, which of the following personality styles has not been consistently associated with depression?
A) Autonomy
B) The introjective style
C) The anaclitic style
D) Sociotropy

Accepted Answer

Autonomy has not been consistently associated with depression in empirical research. The other three options (introjective style, anaclitic style, and sociotropy) have all been linked to increased risk of depression.

Question 10

Which of the following factors has been found to be associated with the onset of postpartum depression among Canadian women?
A) Lower socio-economic status
B) Lack of parental warmth during one's own childhood
C) Depression during pregnancy
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Lower socio-economic status, lack of parental warmth during one's own childhood, and depression during pregnancy have all been found to be associated with the onset of postpartum depression among Canadian women.

Question 11

Ice Storm babies who were exposed to high stress subsequently showed:
A) Behavioural problems
B) Physical abnormalities
C) Cognitive deficits
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The question states that the ice storm babies exposed to high stress subsequently showed problems in behavior, physical abnormalities, and cognitive deficits. Therefore, the best choice would be D, which includes all of the above.

Question 12

In Freud's theory of depression, ____________ is the diathesis and ______________ is the stress which together lead to depression.
A) introjection; loss
B) loss; introjection
C) fixation at the oral stage; loss
D) the Oedipal complex; repression

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory of depression, ____________ is...

Question 13

In a large study of postpartum depression conducted at the University of Western Ontario by Gotlib, Whiffen, and associates, what percentage of pregnant women were depressed during pregnancy?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a large study of postpartum depression...

Question 14

Which of the following is the best predictor of postpartum depression?
A) Depression during pregnancy
B) Difficult, irritable infant
C) Lower SES
D) Negative life events

Accepted Answer

Depression during pregnancy has been found to be the strongest predictor of postpartum depression. Other factors such as difficult infant, lower SES, and negative life events may also contribute, but depression during pregnancy has consistently been found to have the strongest association with postpartum depression.

Question 15

The early psychoanalytic theory of depression, as formulated by Freud, emphasized
A) anger that develops in response to loss.
B) attribution errors committed during particular situations
C) introjection of a loss or an interpersonal disappointment.
D) an unresolved crisis during the anal stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's early psychoanalytic theory of depression, individuals develop depression as a result of introjecting a loss or an interpersonal disappointment, which leads to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. This loss can be an actual physical loss or a symbolic loss, such as the loss of a loved one, a relationship, or a sense of self-worth. Freud believed that these feelings were unconscious and that by bringing them to consciousness, the individual could work through them and ultimately overcome their depression.

Question 16

Which woman is most likely to experience post-partum depression?
A) Anne, who is happily married to a business executive
B) Belinda, who is a part-time university student living with her boyfriend and family
C) Carmen, who moved to Canada five years ago from Venezuela
D) Destiny, who works two part-time jobs and lives on her own (after kicking her fiancé out)

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women who experience significant life stressors, such as financial instability or relationship problems, are more likely to experience post-partum depression. Of the given choices, Destiny, who works two part-time jobs and currently lives on her own after kicking her fiancé out, is most likely to experience post-partum depression due to the stressors in her life.

Question 17

Gotlib and colleagues (1989) found that the onset of postpartum depression was predicted by:
A) Excessive levels of warmth from parents
B) Level of depression during the pregnancy
C) Level of depression prior to the pregnancy
D) Nutrition during pregnancy and social factors

Accepted Answer

Gotlib and colleagues (1989) found that the level of depression during pregnancy was a significant predictor of the onset of postpartum depression. This suggests that women who experience depression during pregnancy may be at a higher risk for developing postpartum depression.

Question 18

Researchers investigated the impact of the Quebec Ice Storm in order to show that:
A) Maternal stress during pregnancy contributes to subsequent cognitive problems in mothers
B) Maternal stress during pregnancy contributes to subsequent marital problems
C) Community support for global events can buffer the link between stress and depression
D) Maternal stress during pregnancy is linked with subsequent deficits in the child's cognitive ability

Accepted Answer

The researchers investigated the impact of the Quebec Ice Storm on pregnant women and found that maternal stress during pregnancy was linked with subsequent deficits in the child's cognitive ability.

Question 19

What aspect of Freud's theory is compatible with the cognitive paradigm?
A) Directing anger at oneself leads to depression.
B) Depression results when a person interprets a loss as withdrawal of affection.
C) Depressed people exaggerate small disappointments.
D) Distorted memories of a loved one lead to depression.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of depression focused on the idea that depression results from a person's interpretation of a loss as a withdrawal of affection. This concept aligns with the cognitive paradigm, which emphasizes the role of a person's thoughts and beliefs in influencing their emotional states. In this case, the person's negative interpretation of the loss (i.e. attributing it to a withdrawal of affection) leads to feelings of sadness and despair.

Question 20

Gerard is severely depressed. In addition to depressive symptoms, he also experiences delusions. What type of treatment will be the most successful for him?
A) Psychotherapy
B) Antidepressant medication
C) Antipsychotic medication
D) Antidepressant and antipsychotic medications

Accepted Answer

Since Gerard is experiencing both depressive symptoms and delusions, the most successful treatment would be a combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. Antidepressants can help with the depressive symptoms and antipsychotics can target the delusions. Psychotherapy may also be helpful, but it may not be sufficient on its own to treat the severity of Gerard's symptoms.

Quiz 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Recent research from the University of Toronto found that _____ of post-partum women were depressed.

What disorder did Suzanne Killinger-Johnson appear to be suffering from when she jumped in front of an oncoming subway car in Toronto in 2000, taking her own life and that of her infant son's?

Which of the following is a similarity between Beck's and Freud's theories of depression?

Central to most psychological theories of depression is the notion that the development of depression requires a:

Kathleen experiences pretty wild mood swings regularly. She always seems like she's up or down, but rarely, if ever, stable. Her symptoms are consistent with both depression and mania. She is most likely experiencing:

Psychoanalytic views of mood disorders focus on the analogy between depression and

Who is most at risk for developing depression?

According to Freud's theory, a depressed person is fixated in which stage of development?

According to empirical research, which of the following personality styles has not been consistently associated with depression?

Which of the following factors has been found to be associated with the onset of postpartum depression among Canadian women?

Ice Storm babies who were exposed to high stress subsequently showed:

In Freud's theory of depression, is the diathesis and __ is the stress which together lead to depression.

In a large study of postpartum depression conducted at the University of Western Ontario by Gotlib, Whiffen, and associates, what percentage of pregnant women were depressed during pregnancy?

Which of the following is the best predictor of postpartum depression?

The early psychoanalytic theory of depression, as formulated by Freud, emphasized

Which woman is most likely to experience post-partum depression?

Gotlib and colleagues (1989) found that the onset of postpartum depression was predicted by:

Researchers investigated the impact of the Quebec Ice Storm in order to show that:

What aspect of Freud's theory is compatible with the cognitive paradigm?

Gerard is severely depressed. In addition to depressive symptoms, he also experiences delusions. What type of treatment will be the most successful for him?