Question 1

Which style of coping is least effective among women diagnosed with breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that an avoidant style of coping is the least effective among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Avoidant coping involves denying or minimizing the problem, relying on alcohol or drugs to cope, or using other distractions to avoid dealing with the cancer diagnosis. This style of coping has been associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and lower levels of quality of life among breast cancer patients. Thus, it is important for women to use active coping strategies, problem-focused coping strategies, and social support to effectively manage the stresses of a breast cancer diagnosis.

Question 2

____________ is an extreme form of burnout

Accepted Answer

Vital exhaustion is an extreme form of burnout in which an individual experiences physical, emotional, and cognitive exhaustion that is beyond normal fatigue. It is often accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, depression, and a reduced sense of accomplishment. Exhaustive burnout, catastrophization, and allostatic load are not specifically related to extreme burnout.

Question 3

According to work by Carver and associates, a person who responds to stress by saying "I've been refusing to believe that it has happened" would score high on the coping subscale assessing:

Accepted Answer

The statement "I've been refusing to believe that it has happened" indicates that the individual is in denial, which is a coping strategy commonly used in response to stress. This corresponds to the coping subscale assessing denial.

Question 4

What does research show regarding the role of rumination in stress and illness?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that rumination exacerbates distress in individuals with chronic illness, contributes to heightened stress response, and can lead to chronic stress.

Question 5

The essence of the interactionism model is that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The essence of the interactionism model is...

Question 6

A large U.S. study of 80,000 students was conducted by the American College of Health Association (ACHA; 2009). What did students report being the top five factors affecting their academic performance in order?

Accepted Answer

The correct order, according to the ACHA 2009 study, is stress, cold/flu/sore throat, sleep difficulties, concern for a friend/family member, and internet use/computer games as the top five factors affecting students' academic performance.

Question 7

The tendency to ruminate is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Perseverative cognition refers to the repetitive or persistent focus on negative thoughts, emotions, and experiences. It is often associated with various mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety. Brooding and worried cognition are similar concepts that also involve persistent negative thinking, but they are not as commonly used in the literature as perseverative cognition.

Question 8

Separate subscales assessing humour, religion, and denial are found on:

Accepted Answer

Only Carver's COPE Scale has separate subscales for humour, religion, and denial.

Question 9

Canadian students are reporting experiencing less positive health status as compared to other populations of students. Which factors are associated with Canadian students' health status?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Canadian students are reporting experiencing less positive...

Question 10

Research by Carver and others on coping with cancer indicates that:

Accepted Answer

Carver and others' research on coping with cancer found that avoidant coping involving denial is associated with substantial increases in distress.

Question 11

Studies at the University of Calgary have examined the relationship between rumination and stress and found that

Accepted Answer

The studies at the University of Calgary found that rumination contributes to stress and hypertension, prolongs cardiovascular activation following a stressful event, and that people who ruminate have prolonged reactions to stress. Therefore, all of the given choices are correct.

Question 12

The idea that personality traits interact with situational factors to produce behaviour is known as:

Accepted Answer

Interactionism specifically addresses how personality traits and situational factors interact to produce behavior. Diathesis-stress and biopsychosocial theories focus on different areas (genetics and environmental influences, respectively), while determinism suggests that behavior is solely determined by forces outside of one's control.

Question 13

Endler and colleagues (2001) found that more chronic illnesses were associated with

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endler and colleagues (2001) found that more...

Question 14

In some people, job burnout appears to be a reflection of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some people, job burnout appears to...

Question 15

Someone who uses existential coping would most likely score high on the COPE scale measure of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who uses existential coping would most...

Question 16

A large U.S. study of 80,000 students was conducted by the American College of Health Association (ACHA; 2009). What did students report regarding their health status?

Accepted Answer

The correct answers are A) and C) because they provide complementary statistics about the students' health status, with a majority reporting excellent or very good health and a smaller percentage reporting fair or poor health.

Question 17

Which famous Canadian researcher is known for his work on interactionism?

Accepted Answer

Norman Endler is known for his contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the area of interactionism, which focuses on how individuals and environments interact to influence behavior.

Question 18

Endorsing the item "I've been giving up the attempt to cope" would likely lead to a high score on the _____________ scale from the COPE.

Accepted Answer

The scale from the COPE that best fits the statement "I've been giving up the attempt to cope" is behavioural disengagement. This response indicates a passive and unproductive coping style, which involves disengaging from the problem rather than actively seeking to address it.

Question 19

The notion that rumination prolongs the stress response and thus contributes to health problems is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The notion that rumination prolongs the stress response and contributes to health problems is referred to as the perseverative cognition hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that individuals who engage in repetitive and negative thinking patterns about stressful situations are more likely to experience prolonged physiological and psychological stress responses, which can contribute to negative health outcomes.

Question 20

Hailey is a university student being treated for cervical cancer. Her oncologist suggested that she attend a support group as part of her treatment. When Hailey tries to speak about her feelings about her diagnosis and treatment, it sounds like she is just repeating her doctor's words. What is Hailey likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Hailey is likely experiencing alexithymia, which is the inability to identify and express one's emotions. This can lead to difficulty in discussing feelings about a diagnosis and treatment, and may result in repeating medical terms or descriptions rather than expressing personal emotions.

Quiz 9: Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology