Question 1

Which of the following is not one of related sets of the hierarchical model of cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Spatial abilities and spatial reasoning refer to the same cognitive domain, thus making "spatial reasoning" a redundant option when listed alongside "spatial abilities." The hierarchical model of cognitive abilities includes distinct categories such as verbal abilities, spatial abilities, and speed of processing, but does not differentiate between spatial abilities and spatial reasoning as separate categories.

Question 2

Research has shown that IQ predicts reasonably well individual differences in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that IQ is a good predictor of academic performance, occupational status, and longevity, but it does not predict social acceptance as well. Social acceptance is influenced by a variety of factors including personality, social skills, and other non-cognitive abilities that IQ tests do not measure.

Question 3

Evidence that the average IQ of people in the developed world showed steady increases over the decades of the 20th century is called

Accepted Answer

The evidence that the average IQ of people in the developed world showed steady increases over the decades of the 20th century is called the Flynn effect. The other options are unrelated concepts.

Question 4

A form of self-fulfilling prophecy, in which a person internalizes the expectations of an authority figure is called

Accepted Answer

The Pygmalion effect is a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which a person internalizes the expectations of an authority figure. It is named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, who created a statue that he then fell in love with and believed to be real. Similarly, in the Pygmalion effect, an authority figure's expectations can shape an individual's behavior and ultimately lead to the fulfillment of those expectations.

Question 5

Which of the following is not evidence indicating that the relationship between school achievement and IQ may be a two-way street?

Accepted Answer

Average IQ scores getting higher with age does not directly indicate a two-way relationship between school achievement and IQ. This statement is more about the general development of intelligence over time rather than the impact of education on IQ or vice versa. The other options (A, B, D) suggest how education and IQ might influence each other, indicating a potential two-way relationship.

Question 6

At 1 year of age, the correlations between infant and adult IQ are

Accepted Answer

The answer of At 1 year of age, the correlations...

Question 7

IQ tests are constructed so that scores are normally distributed, with the average score at any age being 100, with a standard deviation of

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation for IQ tests is typically around 15 points, so the correct answer is (C). The normal distribution of IQ scores means that the majority of people will score within one standard deviation of 100 (i.e. between 85 and 115). It is not -5 or -15, as IQ scores cannot be negative. It is not 30, as this would make the distribution too wide and too many people would fall outside of the average range.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a suggestion made by psychologist Miller-Jones to improve assessment of minority children with IQ and other standardized tests?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Miller-Jones did not suggest that the cognitive processes that might be involved in the task should not be specified. In fact, she recommended that examiners should be aware of the cognitive processes involved so that they can probe for the child's reasoning when necessary. The other options (B, C, and D) are all suggestions made by Miller-Jones to improve assessment of minority children with IQ and other standardized tests.

Question 9

A person with an IQ of 115 has a score equal to or greater than about what percent of the population?

Accepted Answer

An IQ of 115 is one standard deviation above the mean IQ of 100. According to the normal distribution, about 84% of the population falls within one standard deviation of the mean. Therefore, a score of 115 corresponds to the top 16% of the population, meaning that 84% of the population has a score lower than 115.

Question 10

Essentially, the logic behind the construction of IQ tests is that test makers look for items that

Accepted Answer

The main purpose of IQ tests is to differentiate between individuals and measure their cognitive abilities in comparison to others, rather than measuring intelligence as a factor of age or finding similarities between people. Additionally, the items on IQ tests are designed to be challenging but still answerable by a portion of the population.

Question 11

IQ and other tests of intellectual abilities are the product of the testing, called the

Accepted Answer

IQ and other tests of intellectual abilities are developed based on the psychometric approach, which focuses on the measurement of cognitive abilities and their related constructs. The theory of multiple intelligences and the triarchic theory of intelligence are theories of intelligence, but they do not directly address the development of tests. The whole-language approach is a teaching method for language acquisition and does not relate to the development of cognitive tests.

Question 12

Which of the following are biologically determined and reflected by tests of memory span, speed of processing, and spatial thinking?

Accepted Answer

Memory span, speed of processing, and spatial thinking are all part of fluid intelligence, which refers to biologically determined abilities related to problem-solving and reasoning that are not based on previous knowledge or experience. The other answer choices are related to crystallized intelligence, which is based on previous knowledge and experience.

Question 13

Which one of the following is not meant by the question, "Is intelligence as measured by IQ stable"?

Accepted Answer

The question is not asking whether children of the same IQ score are equally intelligent at different ages, but rather whether IQ scores themselves are stable over time. Therefore, option D is not meant by the question.

Question 14

The fact that people who performed well (or poorly) on individual tests that purported to assess intelligence tended to perform similarly on other tests, even if their content was seemingly unrelated was named

Accepted Answer

The positive manifold refers to the finding that individuals who perform well or poorly on one type of test that measures cognitive abilities tend to perform similarly on other types of tests, indicating a general intelligence factor or "g" that underlies all cognitive abilities. The Pygmalion effect refers to the phenomenon where others' expectations of an individual can impact their performance, while the Flynn effect refers to the increase in average IQ scores over time.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the indexes of the Wechsler Scale of Intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler Scale of Intelligence includes the indexes of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Processing Speed, and also Working Memory. Mathematical Reasoning is not one of the indexes.

Question 16

Tests to assess intelligence for children under 2 years of age use which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests for children under 2 years of age use a developmental quotient (DQ) score instead of an intelligence quotient (IQ) score. The DQ score measures a child's level of development in different areas, such as motor skills, cognitive abilities, and language development, and is more appropriate for young children who are still developing their abilities. Reflex ability and responsive scores are not commonly used in intelligence assessment.

Question 17

Spearman and others proposed that that there is a single, domain-general cognitive process that underlies intelligence, called

Accepted Answer

Spearman and others proposed the concept of general intelligence, which suggests that there is a broad, underlying cognitive ability that is required for performing well on a variety of intellectual tasks. This theory has been supported by many studies and is widely accepted in the field of psychology.

Question 18

The psychometric approach holds that intelligence can be described in terms of underlying

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach to intelligence theorizes that intelligence can be explained by underlying mental factors such as verbal ability, spatial ability, and reasoning ability.

Question 19

All of the following are possible reasons for the differences in IQ between European American and minority children except

Accepted Answer

This statement is not supported by research and is based on a cultural bias. The other choices are valid reasons for differences in IQ scores between European American and minority children, such as socio-economic status and cultural bias in the assessment tools. However, saying that minority cultures are typically less sophisticated than European American culture is a stereotype and is not supported by evidence.

Question 20

On average, what is the tendency for IQ scores of African American children compared with European American children?

Accepted Answer

On average, studies have shown that the IQ scores of African American children tend to be about 10 to 15 points lower than those of European American children. This difference has been observed in various research studies, though it's important to note that IQ scores can be influenced by a wide range of factors including socioeconomic status, educational opportunities, and cultural biases in testing methods.

Quiz 10: Intelligence and School Achievement