Question 1

Rather than simply ordering his son to mow the lawn, Ahmed says, 'Son, mow the lawn now. It's really long and we're having people over tomorrow, so I'll need help getting the lawn ready.' Ahmed's statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

Ahmed's statement is an example of direct instruction because he is giving clear and specific directions to his son to perform a task. He is also explaining the reason behind the task, which may help his son understand the importance of completing it.

Question 2

Families and parenting are _____ that evolved to provide for children until they mature.

Accepted Answer

Families and parenting are adaptations that evolved over time in order to provide for and care for children until they reach maturity. This is due to the fact that human offspring are born relatively underdeveloped compared to other animals, necessitating a longer period of care from adults. While families and parenting certainly can be economic systems, cultural institutions, and support systems, the fundamental reason why they exist in the first place is due to their role in caring for children.

Question 3

Today most theorists view families from a __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Most theorists view families from a contextual perspective, which takes into account the larger social, economic, and cultural contexts in which families exist, rather than focusing solely on individual family members or genetics. This approach recognizes that families are shaped by a range of factors, including historical and cultural traditions, geographic location, social class, economic status, political systems, and more. By understanding these larger contexts, researchers and practitioners can better understand and support families in their diverse forms and experiences.

Question 4

The two main dimensions of parental behaviour are

Accepted Answer

The two main dimensions of parental behaviour are warmth and control. Warmth refers to the degree of affection, acceptance, and emotional support provided by parents, while control refers to the extent to which parents enforce rules, establish limits, and monitor children's behaviour. These two dimensions are often seen as independent of each other, and can be combined in different ways to create different parenting styles.

Question 5

Research on identical twins as parents shows that they are more similar than fraternal twins in the amount of _____ their children.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that identical twins as parents are more similar than fraternal twins in the amount of warmth they express toward their children. This could be due to both genetic factors and shared environmental factors. Nutrition, direction, and self-directed choice may be influenced by a variety of other factors unrelated to twinship.

Question 6

Lucia and Mlungisi want their children to work hard. They have rules and expect their children to obey them without question. Lucia and Mlungisi are most likely ____ parents.

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents are known for being strict, having rules, and expecting obedience without question. Uninvolved parents are not involved in their children's lives or their upbringing. Authoritative parents also have rules, but they are more likely to explain the reasoning behind the rules and allow their children to ask questions. Permissive parents have very few rules and tend to be more lenient with their children.

Question 7

Vuyo is learning the values, behaviours, and roles of his culture. In other words, Vuyo is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Vuyo is experiencing socialisation, which is the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of one's culture or society through various means such as education, observation, and interaction with others.

Question 8

Which parenting style tends to be most common for parents of lower socioeconomic status?

Accepted Answer

Lower socioeconomic status parents often have less education and resources which can result in a more strict and controlling parenting style, known as authoritarian.

Question 9

As a typical parent in China, Yu Fen would place great emphasis on developing a strong sense of ____ in her children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a typical parent in China, Yu...

Question 10

Children who are aggressive tend to come from families with ____ or _____ parenting styles.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who exhibit aggressive behaviors often come from families with either uninvolved or authoritarian parenting styles. Uninvolved parenting is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs, while authoritarian parenting is defined by strict rules and expectations, often without considering the child's opinions or feelings. Both can contribute to the development of aggressive behaviors in children.

Question 11

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done.

Accepted Answer

Direct instruction involves a parent telling a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. Counterimitation refers to a child purposefully doing the opposite of what they were told or what they observed someone doing. Punishment involves a consequence given after a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening again. Infant-directed language refers to the way adults alter their language to be more appropriate and understandable for infants and young children.

Question 12

Because they have a permissive parenting style, you would predict that Ahmed and Shamima's son would:

Accepted Answer

Permissive parenting style is characterized by less restrictive and less controlling behavior towards their children. Children raised by permissive parents tend to have limited self-control, as there are no consistent boundaries or rules in place. This lack of structure may lead to poor academic performance, as well as behavioral and emotional problems. Therefore, based on the permissive parenting style, the most likely prediction for Ahmed and Shamima's son is that he would have limited self-control.

Question 13

What basic premise underlies Chinese parenting?

Accepted Answer

The basic premise underlying Chinese parenting is the importance of maintaining emotional restraint, which is encapsulated in the idea of keeping one's emotions in check. This approach emphasizes self-control and discipline over the expression of raw emotions, reflecting broader cultural values around respect, order, and the collective well-being.

Question 14

Economic stress may lead to a more ______ style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Economic stress may lead to a more...

Question 15

When all of his friends call home to tell their parents they will be getting home late from an event, Bandile doesn't bother, saying, 'My mom and dad are too busy to care about me. They don't care how late I'm out - in fact, they never even ask where I'm going.' If Bandile is right, his parents are most likely exhibiting a(n) ____ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

Bandile's statement suggests that his parents are uninvolved and not interested in his activities or whereabouts. They do not ask him questions or set boundaries, which are common characteristics of uninvolved parenting. This type of parenting style is often associated with neglect and can have negative effects on a child's development.

Question 16

Jabu is a researcher who believes that to understand childrearing, you must get beyond looking solely at how parents treat their children and look at the behaviour of the children, the behaviour of their siblings, the behaviour of the parents toward each other, and the neighbourhood in which the child lives. It is most likely that Jabu supports a ____ view of childrearing.

Accepted Answer

Jabu's belief that understanding childrearing involves looking at multiple factors and their interactions aligns with a systems view, which emphasizes the interconnectedness and complexity of family and social systems in influencing child development. Psychodynamic theory focuses on unconscious motivations and conflicts within individuals. Blended family refers to a family structure that includes stepparents and stepchildren. Counter-imitation theory suggests that children learn by observing what not to do.

Question 17

When 13-year-old Thapelo asks his parents if he can go to an R-rated movie, his parents say no, but sit down and explain to him the reasoning behind their decision. His parents express affection toward him and tell him that they may consider the matter at some later time. Which parenting style BEST describes Thapelo's parents?

Accepted Answer

Thapelo's parents are exhibiting an authoritative parenting style by setting limits and explaining their reasoning to him in a caring and responsive manner. They also hold the potential for flexibility in their decision-making.

Question 18

Which technique is always based on modelling?

Accepted Answer

Counterimitation involves learning by observing and modeling the behavior of others, specifically learning what not to do by observing the consequences of others' actions.

Question 19

Dumi and Maria are quick to express affection toward their son, Andile, and accept most of his behaviour. In fact, Andile has never once been punished. Dumi and Maria are exhibiting a(n) ____ style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

Dumi and Maria's permissiveness and lack of discipline indicate a permissive parenting style.

Question 20

According to the systems view of families, how many of these factors influence a child's development: neighbourhood, school, work, religious organisations, and extended family?

Accepted Answer

According to the systems view of families, all of these factors (neighbourhood, school, work, religious organisations, and extended family) influence a child's development. This view takes into account the various systems that a family exists within and how each system can affect the family and the child. Thus, all five factors listed can have an impact on a child's development.

Quiz 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood