Question 1

The essential principle of totalitarianism that united both left-wing communism and right-wing fascism was

Accepted Answer

The principle of totalitarianism is the glorification of the state and disregard for the individual and his/her rights. Both left-wing communism and right-wing fascism shared this belief, which is why they are often considered two sides of the same coin. Other options such as A, B, D, and E may have been ideologies held by totalitarian regimes, but they are not the principle that united them.

Question 2

As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt

Accepted Answer

The Good Neighbor policy included the withdrawal of American marines from Haiti and the recognition of the sovereignty of other Latin American countries. Roosevelt did not abandon the Monroe Doctrine, but rather reinterpreted it to emphasize cooperation and non-intervention. The Canal Zone and Guantanamo naval base were not returned during Roosevelt's presidency. Roosevelt also did not promise to grant Puerto Rico its independence by 1946, although he did appoint a governor sympathetic to Puerto Rican autonomy.

Question 3

The thrust of Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policies in the early 1930s indicated that

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,

Accepted Answer

The Munich Agreement, signed on September 30, 1938, allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in exchange for promises of peace from Hitler. Britain and France were present at the negotiations and agreed to the agreement.

Question 5

The primary promoter of the view that American weapons manufacturers had pushed the United States into World War I was a Senate committee led by

Accepted Answer

Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota led the Senate committee that promoted the view that American weapons manufacturers had pushed the United States into World War I. This committee was known as the Nye Committee.

Question 6

Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union,

Accepted Answer

The signing of the nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union gave Hitler the assurance he needed to invade Poland, which he did on September 1, 1939, essentially starting World War II.

Question 7

America's neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 allowed

Accepted Answer

America's neutrality allowed Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces, which were supported by fascist regimes in Germany and Italy, to eventually win the war and establish a fascist dictatorship in Spain.

Question 8

In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of

Accepted Answer

The Munich Conference, also known as the Munich Agreement, allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia inhabited by ethnic Germans. This resulted in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia and the loss of a strategic buffer for France against German aggression. The British and French essentially appeased Hitler in hopes of avoiding war, but this only emboldened him to make further demands and ultimately led to the outbreak of World War II.

Question 9

When the leftist Mexican government seized American oil holdings in 1938, Franklin Roosevelt

Accepted Answer

Franklin Roosevelt worked out an acceptable settlement that avoided war. Although Roosevelt was initially surprised and angered by the Mexican government's actions, he ultimately chose to pursue a peaceful resolution rather than resorting to military force or economic retaliation. He negotiated a settlement that provided compensation for the American oil companies and helped to resolve the dispute without disrupting broader diplomatic relations between the two countries.

Question 10

Franklin Roosevelt sabotaged the London Economic Conference of 1933 because

Accepted Answer

Roosevelt believed that stabilizing currencies would harm America's economic recovery from depression, so he sabotaged the conference.

Question 11

Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy

Accepted Answer

The Good Neighbor policy began to overturn longstanding Latin American resentment of the United States by promoting non-intervention and mutual respect in the relationships between the United States and Latin American countries. It sought to improve US-Latin American relations and distance the US from its imperialistic past. Although there was initial suspicion among some Latin American countries, overall the policy was seen as a positive step toward improved relations.

Question 12

Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____,Hitler's invasion of ____, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____.

Accepted Answer

Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia occurred in 1935, Hitler's invasion of Czechoslovakia happened in 1938, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of Spain took place during the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 13

Which of the following was not among the totalitarian dictators who emerged in the 1920s and 1930s?

Accepted Answer

Mohandas Gandhi was a prominent leader in India's independence movement and was not a totalitarian dictator. The other choices - Mussolini, Stalin, Hitler, and Franco - were all leaders of totalitarian regimes.

Question 14

In proclaiming the Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, Franklin Roosevelt

Accepted Answer

Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy effectively repudiated Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which had granted the United States the right to intervene militarily in Latin American countries to resolve disputes. Instead, the Good Neighbor policy focused on promoting economic cooperation and non-intervention in the affairs of Latin American nations.

Question 15

Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

Accepted Answer

During the 1930s, the United States largely adhered to a policy of isolationism, avoiding involvement in international conflicts and focusing on domestic issues.

Question 16

Many American Catholics were hostile to the democratic Loyalist government of Spain because

Accepted Answer

Many American Catholics were suspicious of the Loyalist government of Spain because it accepted military and economic aid from the communist Soviet Union. This went against the anti-communist stance of many American Catholics, leading them to view the Loyalist government with hostility.

Question 17

Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" in 1937 resulted in

Accepted Answer

The "Quarantine Speech" called for the isolation of aggressive nations as a means of preventing war. This was seen by many isolationists as a move towards interventionist policies, and it resulted in a wave of protest from those who believed the United States should stay out of European affairs.

Question 18

Roosevelt's 1934 commitment to grant independence to the Philippines in 1946 was essentially motivated by

Accepted Answer

Roosevelt's commitment to grant independence to the Philippines was largely motivated by an isolationist desire to reduce American commitments and expenses in Asia, especially during the Great Depression.

Question 19

Taken together, the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war,

Accepted Answer

The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 outlined various restrictions and prohibitions related to American involvement in foreign wars. When the president proclaimed the existence of a war, Americans were prohibited from sailing on ships of warring nations, selling weapons to warring nations, making loans to warring nations, and transporting weapons to warring nations. Therefore, all of these options (choices A, B, C, and D) are correct.

Question 20

The passage of the Neutrality Acts and other isolationist policies of the 1930s resulted in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The Neutrality Acts and isolationist policies did not stiffen British and French resistance; instead, they aimed to keep the US out of conflicts, inadvertently encouraging aggressors.

Quiz 34: Franklin D Roosevelt and the Shadow of War