Question 1

The Great Schism included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The Great Schism, specifically the Western Schism (1378-1417), was primarily a political and ecclesiastical crisis, not rooted in doctrinal disputes. It involved multiple claimants to the papacy but was not caused by differences in church doctrine.

Question 2

The conciliarists believed

Accepted Answer

The conciliarists believed that the general councils of the Church were superior to the pope. They argued that the pope needed to be subject to the authority of the councils, and that councils had the power to make decisions without the pope's approval or consent. This was an important development in the history of the Church, as it shifted power away from the papacy and towards the broader community of bishops and theologians. However, the conciliarist movement was not universally embraced, and it eventually gave way to other forms of Church governance.

Question 3

Summarize the expansion of the Ottoman Empire through the fifteenth century.

Accepted Answer

Students should show an awareness of where the areas conquered by the Ottomans are located; students should also mention the fall of Constantinople.The brutal seizure of Christian boys to make the Janissary corps should be included; also look for references to the career of Mehmed II.

Question 4

Try to sort out the tangled Italian political situation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.What factors led to increased tensions in the cities, and what was the result? What great families came to power in some of the cities, and how did foreign powers come to exercise such influence in Italy?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

The Great Western Schism was precipitated by what event?

Accepted Answer

The Great Western Schism was caused by the election and subsequent displeasure with Urban VI. In 1378, Urban VI was elected pope, but he quickly alienated many of the cardinals who had elected him. They then held a second election and elected another pope, Clement VII, who took up residence in Avignon, France, while Urban VI remained in Rome. This split the church and led to the Great Western Schism, which lasted for almost 40 years.

Question 6

Discuss the demographic, social, economic, and psychological consequences of the Black Death.

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Question 7

The Babylonian Captivity of the papacy resulted from

Accepted Answer

The Babylonian Captivity of the papacy was a period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven popes resided in Avignon, France rather than in Rome. This was due to the attempts by Philip IV of France to limit the power of the pope within France and assert more control over the Church. The term "Babylonian Captivity" refers to the biblical story in which the Jews were taken captive by the Babylonians. The term was used to describe the perceived captivity of the popes in France.

Question 8

Which is not correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

Poland had a Sejm (a national assembly), not Parlements.

Question 9

How did the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella prepare the way for a unified kingdom?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Use the phrase "Day of Wrath, Day of Burning" to describe the Late Middle Ages.What are the advantages and limitations of this approach?

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Question 11

Explain the what, when, why, and so what (results)of the Hundred Years' War.Who was mainly responsible for turning the tide for France? What war broke out in England in the aftermath of the English defeat?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

The crises of the late Middle Ages

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...

Question 13

Explain the rise of Moscow.

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Question 14

Referring to feature in this chapter, "The Written Record: The Inquisition of Joan of Arc," what type of defense and attack was being given in her trial that related directly to her spiritual claims?

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Question 15

Survey the history of the papacy in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; include reasons for the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism, as well as the results of these two crises.Why did the popes of the late fourteenth century tend to concentrate more on the affairs of their own Italian territory and less on other matters?

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Question 16

Discuss the rise of Poland-Lithuania and its emergence as a major power in east-central Europe.

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Question 17

Who was the first Pope resident in Avignon?

Accepted Answer

Clement V was the first Pope to reside in Avignon. He moved the papal court there in 1309, and the Papacy remained in Avignon for almost 70 years.

Question 18

Describe the economic changes that Europe experienced in the late Middle Ages.Who were some of the most prominent commercial and banking figures of the period? What areas were involved in cloth production?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

How did the political development of France and England differ following the Hundred Years' War? What were some features common to both?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Which of the following was a critic of the Avignon Papacy?

Accepted Answer

All three individuals were outspoken critics of the Avignon Papacy. St. Bridget of Sweden wrote numerous letters to Pope Gregory XI urging him to return to Rome, while St. Catherine of Siena also wrote letters to various popes urging reform and a return to Rome. Francesco Petrarch, a famous Italian poet and scholar, wrote scathing letters criticizing the corruption and also calling for the papacy to return to Rome.

Quiz 10: Crisis and Recovery in Late Medieval Europe, 1300-1500