Question 1

________ means that all workers are responsible for their own work and perform necessary inspections at each stage of the process to maintain process control.
A)Quality at the source
B)In-process management
C)Constancy of purpose
D)Parallel processing
E)Just-in-time approach

Accepted Answer

Quality at the source, also known as source inspection, is a method of quality assurance where workers are responsible for their own work and perform necessary inspections at each stage of the process to maintain process control. This approach is focused on preventing defects from occurring rather than detecting and correcting them later.

Question 2

Deming believed that poor quality resulted from ________.
A)poor management of the system for continual improvement
B)poor human resource management
C)consumer complacency
D)a lack of commitment on the part of management
E)poor engineering and design

Accepted Answer

Deming's philosophy was based on the idea that poor quality was mainly a result of poor management of the system for continual improvement, which includes processes, people, materials, machinery, and the environment. He believed that improving the system would ultimately lead to better quality and customer satisfaction. Poor human resource management, consumer complacency, a lack of commitment on the part of management, and poor engineering and design may contribute to poor quality, but they are not the primary cause according to Deming.

Question 3

Using deduction, researchers propose a model based on prior research, and design an experiment to test the theoretical model.

Accepted Answer

Deduction involves using logic to create a theoretical model based on prior research or knowledge. Researchers can then design an experiment to test this model and see if their predictions hold true.

Question 4

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model typically implies ________.
A)causality
B)normality
C)randomness
D)proactivity
E)synergy

Accepted Answer

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model implies causality, meaning that changes in the independent variable are expected to cause changes in the dependent variable.

Question 5

A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by the process of ________.
A)deduction
B)abstraction
C)simulation
D)induction
E)supposition

Accepted Answer

A theory that is generated by observing and describing patterns or phenomena is said to have been developed by the process of induction. Induction involves observing patterns or regularities and developing generalizations or theories based on those observations. Deduction, on the other hand, involves starting with a general principle or theory and applying it to specific cases or situations. Abstraction involves reducing complex phenomena to their essential features or characteristics, while simulation involves creating a model or representation of a phenomenon to test hypotheses or theories. Supposition is a synonym for assumption or speculation and does not refer to a process of theory development.

Question 6

The "what" of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the relationship among variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "what" of a theoretical model involves...

Question 7

Define theory. Provide an example of the use of theory in a business organization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define theory. Provide an example of the...

Question 8

The ________ of a theoretical model involves which variables or factors are included in the model.
A)why
B)what
C)how
D)who-where-when
E)which

Accepted Answer

The specification of a theoretical model involves determining "what" variables or factors are included in the model, focusing on the elements that are considered relevant for the analysis or study.

Question 9

A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena is referred to as a(n)________.
A)postulate
B)axiom
C)theory
D)corollary
E)hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A theory is a coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena. Postulates and axioms are individual propositions used as starting points for deductive reasoning, corollaries are consequences of previously established propositions, and a hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be tested through experimentation.

Question 10

The "14 points for management" were articulated by ________.
A)Philip Crosby
B)Joseph M. Juran
C)Genichi Taguchi
D)W. Edwards Deming
E)Armand Feigenbaum

Accepted Answer

The "14 points for management" were articulated by W. Edwards Deming.

Question 11

Researchers use ________ to propose a model based on prior research, and design an experiment to test the theoretical model.
A)supposition
B)deduction
C)induction
D)simulation
E)abstraction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers use ________ to propose a model...

Question 12

The four elements of a theory are what, how, why, and who-where-when.

Accepted Answer

The four elements of a theory are indeed what, how, why, and who-where-when.

Question 13

The ________ of a theoretical model is the theoretical glue that holds the model together.
A)why
B)what
C)how
D)who-where-when
E)which

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ of a theoretical model is...

Question 14

The ________ of a theoretical model is responsible for placing contextual bounds on the theory.
A)why
B)what
C)how
D)who-where-when
E)which

Accepted Answer

The "who-where-when" of a theoretical model sets the contextual bounds, specifying the conditions under which the theory applies.

Question 15

A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by the process of deduction.

Accepted Answer

A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by the process of induction, not deduction. Deduction involves drawing a conclusion from a set of premises, while induction involves drawing a generalization from specific observations.

Question 16

The "why" of a theory is the theoretical model that holds the model together.

Accepted Answer

The "why" of a theory refers to the underlying principles or theoretical model that explains the reasoning or rationale behind the observed phenomena, essentially holding the model together by providing a coherent explanation for why things happen the way they do.

Question 17

________ minimizes the number of suppliers used, resulting in decreased variability.
A)Parallel processing
B)Single source purchasing
C)Management by objective
D)In-process management
E)Constancy of purpose

Accepted Answer

Single source purchasing minimizes the number of suppliers used, resulting in decreased variability as there is only one supplier to manage and their processes can be closely observed and controlled.

Question 18

The ________ of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the relationship among the variables.
A)why
B)what
C)how
D)who-where-when
E)which

Accepted Answer

The word "relationship" in the sentence suggests that we are talking about how variables are related to each other, hence the word "how" best fits in the blank.

Question 19

Which of the following points for management devised by Deming involves the management committing resources to ensure that the quality job is completed?
A)constantly improve the system
B)eliminate work standards
C)improve leadership
D)adopt a new philosophy
E)create constancy of purpose

Accepted Answer

Creating constancy of purpose involves committing resources to ensure that the quality job is completed.

Question 20

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model typically implies causality.

Accepted Answer

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model typically implies that changes in the independent variable (cause) lead to changes in the dependent variable (effect).

Quiz 2: Quality Theory

________ means that all workers are responsible for their own work and perform necessary inspections at each stage of the process to maintain process control.

Deming believed that poor quality resulted from ________.

Using deduction, researchers propose a model based on prior research, and design an experiment to test the theoretical model.

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model typically implies ________.

A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by the process of ________.

The "what" of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the relationship among variables.

Define theory. Provide an example of the use of theory in a business organization.

The ________ of a theoretical model involves which variables or factors are included in the model.

A coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena is referred to as a(n) ________.

The "14 points for management" were articulated by ________.

Researchers use ________ to propose a model based on prior research, and design an experiment to test the theoretical model.

The four elements of a theory are what, how, why, and who-where-when.

The ________ of a theoretical model is the theoretical glue that holds the model together.

The ________ of a theoretical model is responsible for placing contextual bounds on the theory.

A theory that is generated by observation and description is said to have been developed by the process of deduction.

The "why" of a theory is the theoretical model that holds the model together.

________ minimizes the number of suppliers used, resulting in decreased variability.

The ________ of a theoretical model involves the nature, direction, and extent of the relationship among the variables.

Which of the following points for management devised by Deming involves the management committing resources to ensure that the quality job is completed?

An arrow pointing from an independent variable to a dependent variable in a theoretical model typically implies causality.