Question 1

The tendency for people to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

The tendency for people to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is known as the hostile attribution bias. This bias can lead individuals to interpret benign behaviors as malicious or aggressive, and it has been linked to a variety of negative outcomes, including aggression and social exclusion.

Question 2

When male rats are under stress, they respond by either fighting or running away (i.e.with the fight or flight syndrome).By contrast, female rats respond with ____.

Accepted Answer

The tend-and-befriend syndrome is the female version of the fight or flight response. Female rats show a tendency to take care of their young and form social bonds with other rodents when they are under stress.

Question 3

Research on aggression in toddlers and young children suggests that this group resorts to aggression to resolve conflicts ____.

Accepted Answer

Toddlers and young children show higher levels of aggression to resolve conflicts compared to adolescents and adults, including those in criminal or gang groups, but this does not typically result in extremely violent crimes.

Question 4

Kgatello is walking down a busy sidewalk, when someone going the opposite direction bumps into him.Kgatello thinks the person meant to bump him to be rude.Jayson is MOST clearly exhibiting the ____.

Accepted Answer

The hostile attribution bias refers to the tendency for individuals to interpret ambiguous or neutral actions from others as intentionally hostile or negative. In this scenario, Kgatello assumes that the person who bumped into him meant to be rude, indicating a hostile attribution bias. The other answer options are not as applicable or accurate.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of social aggression?

Accepted Answer

Social aggression involves behaviors that are intended to harm another person's social status or relationships, such as gossiping, excluding, or ignoring them. Option A exemplifies social aggression as the girl is intentionally not speaking to her classmate out of jealousy, which can harm the classmate's social status or relationships. The other options do not fit the definition of social aggression. Option B is physical aggression, Option C is domestic violence, and Option D is littering, which is not aggressive behavior towards another person.

Question 6

The idea that people use aggression as a way to relate to others highlights the ____ nature of aggression.

Accepted Answer

The statement that people use aggression as a way to relate to others indicates that aggression has a social nature. It suggests that aggression is not always a result of anti-social behavior, but can sometimes be used as a tool for social interaction. Therefore, the best choice is B) social.

Question 7

Research suggests that male rats who are under stress respond with the fight or flight syndrome, while female rats who are under stress respond with the tend-and-befriend syndrome.Does the same pattern hold true for humans?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that in general, men tend to respond with the fight or flight response while women tend to respond with the tend-and-befriend response when under stress. However, it is important to note that individuals may show a mix of both responses and there can be individual variation.

Question 8

Kgatello is eating lunch alone at a restaurant.He sees two people talking animatedly, and interprets it as arguing.Kgatello is exhibiting the ____.

Accepted Answer

Kgatello is perceiving the conversation as hostile, which is a characteristic of the hostile perception bias. The other options refer to different biases that are not being exhibited in this scenario.

Question 9

The tend-and-befriend syndrome is ____.

Accepted Answer

The tend-and-befriend syndrome is a pattern of responding to general stress that is often exhibited by females. It involves nurturing behavior and seeking social support to manage stress, rather than the fight or flight response that is more commonly associated with stress.

Question 10

What do most experts today say about the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Most experts today agree that frustration and aggression are strongly linked, but they disagree with the idea that one always involves the other. While frustration can certainly lead to aggression, there are many other factors that can contribute to aggressive behavior. For example, a person may become aggressive due to feelings of envy, jealousy, or anger, even if they are not frustrated in the traditional sense. Similarly, a person may become frustrated without becoming aggressive. Therefore, while the frustration-aggression hypothesis may help explain some situations, it is not always applicable to every case of aggressive behavior.

Question 11

The main difference between the hostile perception bias and the hostile attribution bias is that the former concerns ____ while the latter concerns ____.

Accepted Answer

The hostile perception bias refers to perceiving hostility in events that are external to you as well as events that occur to you, whereas the hostile attribution bias refers to attributing hostile intent to others for events that have only happened to you. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. The other options do not accurately describe the difference between these two biases.

Question 12

Females are more likely than males to engage in ____ aggression.

Accepted Answer

This is because females tend to use more relational aggression which involves social manipulation, exclusion, and gossip, rather than direct physical or verbal harm.

Question 13

What will always lead(s) to aggression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What will always lead(s) to aggression?
...

Question 14

Neo overhears loud voices in the apartment next door, and immediately assumes that his neighbours are engaged in a domestic battle.He then talks on the phone with his friend Langa, and learns that his friend had a very bad day: Langa lost his job AND discovered a large dent in his car.Neo jumps to some quick conclusions.'Someone is trying to attack you,' he advises Langa.'They dented your car on purpose.It is probably no accident that you lost your job this week either; someone there is out to get you!' Neo's quick assumptions about others' intentions indicate a ____.

Accepted Answer

Neo's assumptions about his neighbors and about someone intentionally trying to harm Langa suggest a hostile perception bias, where he immediately assumes negative intentions from others without evidence. A Type A attributional bias would involve assuming that someone's behavior is due to their personality or disposition, rather than the situation or context. A hostile expectation bias would involve expecting negative outcomes or intentions from others, while fundamental attribution error would involve attributing someone's behavior to their personality or disposition, rather than situational factors.

Question 15

Angry moods tend to lead to increased aggression because ____.

Accepted Answer

When people are in angry moods, they may believe that lashing out will improve their mood and alleviate their frustration. This can lead to increased aggression as they seek to release this pent-up anger through aggressive behavior.

Question 16

What is MOST accurate about cyberbullying?

Accepted Answer

Cyberbullying allows for the perpetrator to hide their identity behind a screen and remain anonymous, which can make it more difficult to identify and stop. Choices A and B are not accurate as tend-and-befriend and relational aggression are not typically associated with cyberbullying. Choice C is also not accurate as the perpetrator can know the victim online or in person, and may choose to cyberbully them.

Question 17

As discussed in your text, the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as evidence of hostility is ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As discussed in your text, the tendency...

Question 18

Kgatello accidentally bumped into a guy as he was walking down the street.He anticipates that the fellow will assume the 'bump' was purposeful and will react aggressively.Kgatello is exhibiting the ____ bias.

Accepted Answer

Kgatello is expecting the person to react aggressively based on his belief that the person will assume the bump was purposeful. This exhibits a hostile expectation bias.

Question 19

Just as Njabulo reached the bus stop, her bus pulled away.'I knew it', she muttered to herself, 'the bus driver hates me.' Just as she reached the lobby at work, the lift doors were closing.'My co-workers probably saw me but let the doors close anyway,' she thought.Later that day, she encountered some problems with her computer.'I bet someone was messing with my computer,' she thought, 'probably trying to make me screw up and look bad.Grrr.' Based on these incidents, it appears that Njabulo has a ____.

Accepted Answer

Njabulo's responses to these situations all involve assuming negative intent from others towards her. This is indicative of a hostile attribution bias.

Question 20

Consider the hostile attribution bias, the hostile perception bias, and the hostile expectation bias.People who are characteristically aggressive tend to show ____ more than people who aren't.

Accepted Answer

People who are characteristically aggressive tend to show all three biases - the hostile attribution bias, the hostile perception bias, and the hostile expectation bias. These biases lead them to interpret ambiguous situations as being threatening, perceive others' actions as intentionally hostile, and expect others to act aggressively towards them.

Quiz 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior