Question 1

Compared to people in good moods, people in bad moods do not tend to be especially helpful to others.This seems to be the case in particular when their bad mood is focused inward (i.e., when they are thinking about themselves).

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people in bad moods are less likely to help others, especially when their focus is on themselves.

Question 2

In Axelrod's computer tournament, tit-for-tat emerged as the strategy to earn players the most points.

Accepted Answer

This is true according to the findings of Axelrod's tournament, which showed that a variant of the tit-for-tat strategy was the most successful overall.

Question 3

Research on helping indicates that once people are educated about phenomena such as the bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, and pluralistic ignorance, they are less likely to fall prey to them themselves.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that educating people about social psychological phenomena like the bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, and pluralistic ignorance can indeed decrease the likelihood of individuals falling prey to these biases themselves. This knowledge can help individuals better understand and interpret situations that may require helping and ultimately increase the likelihood of them offering assistance.

Question 4

In one well-known study of helping behaviour, researchers examined helping among a sample of theology students.The students were either (a) under time pressure or not put under time pressure and (b) expecting to give a speech about the parable of the (very helpful) Good Samaritan or expecting to give a speech about something else.Which students turned out to be the MOST helpful?

Accepted Answer

The study found that the primary factor affecting helping behavior was whether the students were in a hurry or not. Those not in a hurry were more likely to help, regardless of the speech topic.

Question 5

You are more likely to receive help on a crowded street corner than a lightly populated corner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are more likely to receive help...

Question 6

Forgiveness is beneficial to the person receiving it, but not to the person doing the forgiving.

Accepted Answer

Forgiveness is beneficial for both parties involved. The person doing the forgiving experiences a sense of emotional release and freedom from holding onto anger and resentment. Additionally, forgiveness can improve relationships and enable healing to occur. The person receiving forgiveness receives emotional relief and may experience improved self-esteem and a restored sense of trust in their relationship with the forgiver.

Question 7

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that people who routinely engage in altruistic behaviour gradually become more and more empathetic to others.

Accepted Answer

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that empathy leads to altruistic behavior, not that altruistic behavior increases empathy.

Question 8

In general, people make moral decisions based on principles.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, people make moral decisions based...

Question 9

Abdul is having a seizure in the back of the classroom.His classmates look around at each other, unsure of how to react.As they watch each other doing nothing, they shrug and go about packing up for the next class, assuming that nothing must be wrong because no one else reacted as if it were an emergency.Their reactions illustrate diffusion of responsibility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Abdul is having a seizure in the...

Question 10

According to evolutionary theory on kin selection, monozygotic (identical) twins should help one another more than dizygotic (fraternal) twins.

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary theory on kin selection, monozygotic twins share 100% of their genes, while dizygotic twins share only 50%. As a result, monozygotic twins are more genetically similar to one another and should be more inclined to help one another in order to increase the chances of their shared genes being passed on to future generations.

Question 11

The term ____ refers to the extent to which all people are treated as ingroup members.

Accepted Answer

Moral inclusion refers to the extent to which all people are treated as ingroup members, meaning they are included in the moral circle and treated with equal moral consideration. It is the opposite of moral exclusion, which involves denying certain groups the same moral consideration as the ingroup. The other answer choices are not commonly used terms in social psychology literature.

Question 12

The first step to helping behaviour is overcoming pluralistic ignorance.

Accepted Answer

The first step to helping behavior is noticing that something is happening, not overcoming pluralistic ignorance.

Question 13

Many people try to appear to be moral (like an actor playing a role) while quietly being selfish.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is often referred to as "virtue signaling" where individuals may publicly promote ethical or moral values but fail to practice them in their daily lives.

Question 14

Suppose that you are in an emergency situation and need help.Social psychological research suggests that your BEST bet is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Social psychological research suggests that when in an emergency situation, it is best to identify a specific person and give clear and precise instructions on what to do. This is known as the bystander effect, where people are more likely to help when they feel personally responsible and know exactly what they can do to help. Screaming or shouting for help may not be as effective as identifying someone and giving specific instructions. Moving to a more crowded area may also not be helpful as diffusion of responsibility may occur, where individuals assume that someone else will take responsibility for helping.

Question 15

When Milgram surveyed psychiatrists prior to conducting his famous 'obedience to authority' studies, the psychiatrists predicted that about 60% of participants would deliver the most severe shocks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Milgram surveyed psychiatrists prior to conducting...

Question 16

If a society has law, regardless of how well they are obeyed, it is said to be under the rule of law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a society has law, regardless of...

Question 17

Conformity is more likely in larger groups than in smaller groups.

Accepted Answer

According to research on social psychology, conformity tends to be higher in larger groups as individuals may feel more pressure to conform in order to fit in or avoid social rejection. In contrast, smaller groups may provide individuals with opportunities to express their own opinions and perspectives more freely.

Question 18

Equity is another word for equality; the equity norm and the equality norm are the same thing.

Accepted Answer

Equity and equality are not interchangeable terms. While equality refers to treating everyone the same regardless of their individual circumstances, equity takes into account those individual circumstances and seeks to provide fair and just outcomes. Therefore, the equity norm and the equality norm are not the same thing.

Question 19

In general, people are more likely to help others who appear to be similar to them than others who appear to be different from them.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the similarity-attraction effect, which suggests that people tend to perceive those who are similar to them in certain ways (e.g. beliefs, values, interests, etc.) as more likable and trustworthy, and thus are more likely to help them. This effect has been demonstrated in numerous studies across different cultural contexts.

Question 20

Research indicates that there are a number of ways to increase helping.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that telling people to 'go with their gut' when deciding whether or not to help is not an effective way to increase helping. In fact, educating people about some of the obstacles to helping, providing people with live or filmed models of helpful behavior, and making helping opportunities salient have been found to increase helping behavior.

Quiz 9: Prosocial Behaviour: Doing Whats Best for Others