Question 1

One's perceptions about whether significant others believe a person should perform a behaviour or not refers to one's ____.

Accepted Answer

Subjective norms refer to one's perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior based on the perceived beliefs of significant others. A person's perceptions about whether significant others believe they should perform a behavior or not would fall under this category. Behavioral intention refers to a person's own motivation to perform a behavior, while perceived behavioral control refers to the individual's perception of their ability to perform the behavior. Dissonance level refers to the level of discomfort or conflict a person experiences when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

Question 2

Who has the MOST accessible attitude?

Accepted Answer

Lungi has the most accessible attitude because she is able to express her opinion on the topic of abortion without hesitation or delay. This suggests that she is open to discussing her beliefs and is not guarded or defensive about them.

Question 3

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviours indicates that ____ show relatively more attitude-behaviour consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men tend to have less context-dependent sexual responses, meaning that their sexual arousal and desire is less affected by situational factors. This leads to a higher level of consistency between their attitudes towards sex and their actual sexual behavior. Women, on the other hand, have been found to have more context-dependent sexual responses, which can result in a greater discrepancy between their attitudes and behaviors.

Question 4

Thabang wants to give blood at the school blood drive, and he plans to try to do so.But he knows that he will probably be turned away because of a medicine he is on.Thabang has a positive attitude toward blood donation, but what element of the Theory of Planned Behaviour inhibits his ability to behave consistently with his attitude?

Accepted Answer

Perceived behavioural control is the element of the Theory of Planned Behaviour that inhibits Thabang's ability to behave consistently with his positive attitude toward blood donation. This refers to the individual's belief in their ability to perform the desired behavior, and in this case, Thabang knows that he will be turned away because of his medicine, so he perceives a lack of control over the situation.

Question 5

Suppose that you are watching a television commercial advertising a new car.The advert's spokesperson is raving about how smooth the ride is, and going bananas over what a great deal the car is.If you are half-asleep while watching the advert, how will your automatic system process the claims?

Accepted Answer

The automatic system tends to accept information as true by default, requiring the conscious system to critically evaluate and potentially override this initial acceptance.

Question 6

When a person intends to perform a behaviour, attitude-behaviour consistency ____.

Accepted Answer

Attitude-behaviour consistency increases when a person intends to perform a behaviour. When an individual has a strong intention to perform a behaviour, they are more likely to follow through with it, thus increasing consistency between their attitude (their beliefs and feelings regarding the behaviour) and their behaviour (the actual performance of the behaviour).

Question 7

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the fact that research reveals only a weak relationship between people's stated attitudes and actual behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The term used to refer to the weak relationship between attitudes and actual behaviors is the A-B problem. This concept highlights that even when people express a particular attitude, they may not act on it consistently or at all. The A-B problem is a fundamental issue in social psychology and highlights the complexity of human behavior.

Question 8

The so-called A-B problem refers to the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

The A-B problem refers to the inconsistency between people's stated attitudes (A) and their behaviors (B). Therefore, the best choice is D, which states that people's stated attitudes are often inconsistent with their behaviors. The other choices (A, B, and C) do not accurately describe the A-B problem.

Question 9

Maria has an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy.She is thinking about having an abortion.But her family members and close friends are all strongly opposed to abortion.The influence of their views on Maria's decision to pursue abortion or not best illustrates the importance of ____.

Accepted Answer

Subjective norms refer to the influence of the opinions of those around us on our own decisions and behaviors. In this scenario, Maria's family members and close friends have a strong opposition to abortion, which could influence Maria's decision to either pursue or not pursue an abortion. Therefore, subjective norms are the best choice as they describe the influence of Maria's social network on her decision-making regarding the unplanned pregnancy.

Question 10

Research has shown that attitudes that are certain, stable, consistent, available, and based on direct experience are especially effective in predicting behaviour.These attitudes best illustrate the term ____.

Accepted Answer

The described attitudes are all characteristics of accessible attitudes, meaning they are easily activated and therefore more likely to guide behavior.

Question 11

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviours indicates that men show relatively more attitude-behaviour consistency when it comes to ____.

Accepted Answer

Men show relatively more attitude-behaviour consistency when it comes to both homosexual (same-sex) behaviour and infidelity (cheating).

Question 12

On a questionnaire, Amber is asked if she plans to donate blood or not.The researcher is measuring Amber's ___,

Accepted Answer

The question being asked about Amber's plan to donate blood is related to her behavioural intention, which is the individual's readiness to perform a behaviour.

Question 13

When the offering plate is passed at her church, Koletso rarely puts any money in it.She always looks at the offering as a financial question in terms of her own books.She has never thought of it in terms of an indicator of her faith.Koletso is a devout believer in the teachings of her church.Koletso's attitude-behaviour inconsistency results from ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the offering plate is passed at...

Question 14

The fact that the gap between pro-condom attitudes and non-condom-using behaviours is larger among women than men best demonstrates ____.

Accepted Answer

Attitude-behaviour consistency refers to the extent to which a person's attitudes are reflected in their behaviour. The fact that there is a larger gap between pro-condom attitudes and non-condom-using behaviours among women than men suggests that there may be inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviours. This highlights the importance of addressing barriers to consistent condom use among women.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

The process of taking in information and the process of evaluating whether information is correct or not are intertwined. This means that evaluating information cannot occur without first taking in information. Both processes work together to determine the accuracy and validity of the information. It is incorrect to say that evaluation only occurs via the automatic or conscious system, as both systems are involved in the evaluation process. It is also inaccurate to say that the process of taking in information is completely separate from the process of evaluating information, as they are interdependent processes.

Question 16

Attitude accessibility refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind, meaning that it is quickly and readily accessible in memory.

Question 17

To increase the chance that a general attitude like 'Helping others is a good thing' will predict a specific behaviour like someone's willingness to give blood, you should ____.

Accepted Answer

By asking the person to think about giving blood as a helpful act, you make the general attitude more salient and relevant to the specific behavior, increasing the likelihood that the attitude will predict the behavior.

Question 18

Which behaviour best summarises the text's conclusion about attitude-behaviour consistency?

Accepted Answer

The text concludes that attitudes can predict behaviour, but not with the simplicity or prevalence that was originally thought. This means that while there is some correlation between attitude and behaviour, it is not always a perfect one-to-one match. Option A is incorrect as it presents an extreme position that is not supported by the text. Option B is also incorrect as the text acknowledges that attitudes are a real phenomenon that can influence behaviour. Option C is partially correct, but it oversimplifies the issue by suggesting that attitudes are consistent with behaviour in most situations.

Question 19

The so-called A-B problem refers to the fact that there is often a weak relationship between people's ___.

Accepted Answer

The A-B problem refers to the weak relationship between attitudes and behaviors. While attitudes may indicate a person's beliefs or opinions, they may not always translate into corresponding behaviors. Affective states such as emotions or moods (option B) and cognitions (option D) may also influence behavior, but they are not specifically addressed by the A-B problem. Implicit and explicit attitudes are types of attitudes (option A) and are not directly related to the A-B problem.

Question 20

Whether a person plans to perform a behaviour in question refers to ___,

Accepted Answer

Behavioural intention refers to a person's plan or willingness to perform a specific behaviour. It is influenced by factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Therefore, options B, C, and D are all related to the factors that can influence behavioural intention.

Quiz 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency