Question 1

Freud used the term "sexual" in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Accepted Answer

Freud used the term "sexual" in a broad sense to refer to any pleasure-giving urge, not just those related to genital sexual impulses. This includes the various forms of pleasure experienced at different developmental stages, such as oral pleasure in infancy.

Question 2

According to Freud's theory, the developmental periods that leave their mark on adult personality are

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory states that personality is developed through a series of psychosexual stages in which individuals must resolve conflicts related to their innate biological drives. Fixations can occur if someone becomes overly fixated on a particular stage, which can lead to personality traits and behaviors that are associated with that stage. Therefore, choice D, psychosexual stages, is the correct answer.

Question 3

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages did he see as society's first systematic effort to regulate the child impulses?

Accepted Answer

Freud saw the anal stage (usually occurring between ages 1-3) as the stage where society's first systematic effort to regulate the child's impulses occurred, as it involves the child learning to control their bodily functions and abide by societal expectations related to cleanliness and toilet training.

Question 4

Graham is a 25-year-old male who is extremely anxious about any type of sexual activity. According to Freud's view of personality development, this anxiety may have arisen from

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graham is a 25-year-old male who is...

Question 5

Ashley is nine years old, and it seems that every day she brings home a different friend from school. As she expands her social contacts beyond her immediate family, Ashley is showing behaviour that is typical during Freud's

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the latency stage of psychosexual development occurs between approximately age 6 and puberty, during which sexual impulses are repressed and children focus on developing social and intellectual skills. Making new friends and expanding social contacts is a normal part of this stage, as children begin to develop a sense of independence and separate identity from their family.

Question 6

Identification of oneself with the proper gender, male or female, would occur during the

Accepted Answer

During the phallic stage (ages 3-6 years), children become aware of their own genitals and recognize the differences between males and females. This is when they begin to identify with their own gender and develop a sense of gender identity.

Question 7

The Freudian period that begins with puberty is the

Accepted Answer

The Freudian period that begins with puberty is the genital stage. This stage focuses on mature sexual interests, marking the final stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory.

Question 8

Freud believed that smoking, overeating and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the oral stage, which occurs from birth to 18 months of age. During this stage, the infant's primary source of pleasure and satisfaction is through oral stimulation, such as sucking and biting. If the child's oral needs are not adequately met, they may develop an oral fixation and seek out oral forms of pleasure in adulthood, such as smoking or overeating.

Question 9

The Freudian period in which the child's sexuality is largely suppressed and the child focuses on expanding social contacts is the

Accepted Answer

The latency stage is characterized by a temporary suppression of the sexual drive, where the child focuses on developing social skills and expanding their knowledge and interests. It occurs between the ages of 6 and 12, before the onset of puberty, and before the genital stage. Therefore, the correct answer is D) latency stage.

Question 10

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is

Accepted Answer

The anal stage, according to Freud's psychosexual theory of development, occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years and is associated with the child's focus on the anus and the process of toilet training. The crucial developmental task of this stage is successful completion of toilet training, which involves learning to control bowel and bladder movements and is an important aspect of gaining a sense of autonomy and self-control.

Question 11

According to Freud, a person may become fixated at a particular psychosexual stage because of

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, fixation at a particular psychosexual stage occurs because of either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs. This happens during the earlier stages of development and can lead to a fixation at that stage, resulting in personality traits and behaviors associated with that stage that continue into later life. Permissiveness on the part of the person's parents or genetics are not considered the primary causes of fixation according to Freud. The development of abnormalities in brain chemistry that are present prenatally is not a part of Freud's theory.

Question 12

The stage of psychosexual development that runs from approximately age three to six is

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the stage that runs from approximately age three to six is the phallic stage. This is the stage where children become aware of their genitals and become curious about differences between males and females.

Question 13

Sindi is five years old, and two weeks ago her mother had a baby boy. Since her brother was brought home, Sindi has insisted on drinking all her juice from baby bottles and she has started wetting her bed. According to Freud, Sindi may be unconsciously dealing with her feelings toward her new brother using the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Sindi's behavior of drinking from baby bottles and wetting her bed indicates a regression to an earlier stage of development, which is a defense mechanism according to Freud's theory. This behavior may be a way for Sindi to cope with the change and stress caused by the arrival of her new brother. Projection, reaction formation, and repression do not fit the described behavior.

Question 14

Violet bites her nails so badly that they bleed, but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this. According to Freud, Violet's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of psychosexual development suggests that individuals go through stages, and if they experience fixation (getting stuck) at a certain stage, they may exhibit certain behaviors associated with that stage later in life. Nail biting is a common behavior associated with the oral stage of development, which occurs from birth to 18 months, where babies explore their world through their mouths. Thus, Violet's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the oral stage of development.

Question 15

Five-year-old Samuel often tells his older sister: "I can't wait to grow up, so I can marry mommy." Samuel is most likely in the stage of personality development that Freud referred to as the

Accepted Answer

Samuel's statement indicates that he is interested in sexual relationships and specifically in a relationship with his mother, which aligns with the phallic stage of personality development in Freud's theory. The phallic stage typically occurs between the ages of 3 and 6 years old and is characterized by the child's fascination with their own genitals and curiosity about the differences between boys and girls. The child also develops unconscious desires for their opposite-sex parent and sees the same-sex parent as a rival for their love and attention. This is known as the Oedipus complex for boys (and Electra complex for girls).

Question 16

Four-year-old Sergio has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility toward his father. Freud would conclude that Sergio is experiencing the

Accepted Answer

Sergio's desires for his mother and hostility toward his father are classic indicators of the Oedipal complex, which occurs during the phallic stage of development. Freud believed that during this stage, children experience unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex and feelings of competition or hostility toward the parent of the same sex. Therefore, the best choice is A, the Oedipal complex. Choices B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of Sergio's situation.

Question 17

Having a rather poor sense of self-worth, Bongi attempts to make himself feel important by driving a sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club and eating at the best restaurants. Bongi may be using the defence mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Bongi is using the defense mechanism of identification, where an individual boosts their self-esteem by associating themselves with certain statuses, groups, or possessions. In this case, Bongi is trying to feel important by driving a sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club, and eating at the best restaurants.

Question 18

Failure to resolve conflict at a particular stage of psychosexual development may lead to failure to move forward psychologically, a phenomenon that Freud called

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, if a child experiences unresolved conflict during a certain stage of psychosexual development, they may become "fixated" at that stage and struggle to move on to the next stage of development. This can lead to psychological issues and personality characteristics associated with that particular stage.

Question 19

Freud believed that during the phallic stage, children develop erotically tinged desires for

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, during the phallic stage (ages 3-6), children develop unconscious sexual desires for their parent of the opposite sex, known as the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls. This desire is believed to be resolved through identification with the same-sex parent and the development of the superego.

Question 20

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father is a classic example of the Oedipal complex, named after the Greek myth of Oedipus, who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. This Freudian theory suggests that young boys experience sexual attraction towards their mother and view their father as a rival for the mother's affection, leading to feelings of fear and jealousy towards their father.

Quiz 12: Personality Theories